臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究於2003年12月及2004年2、5、8月期間，利用水產試驗所之水試一號試驗船進行4個航次的探測，以浮游生物採集網和溫深鹽儀進行仔稚魚的採集及水文資料的觀測，以群集分析來探討東海南部海域仔稚魚的季節性群聚結構。
研究結果顯示，東海南部海域的水文狀況有著季節性及空間性的變動。2003年12月的溫度範圍在17.7度到23.7度間，鹽度在32.12至34.61之間；2004年2月的溫度範圍在15.5度到24.8度間，鹽度在32.47至34.34之間；5月的溫度範圍在22.7度到27.8度間，鹽度在34.23至34.50之間；8月的溫度範圍在27.1度到29.0度間，鹽度在34.02至34.29之間。
另在實驗過程中共採集到2,274尾仔稚魚，分屬76科119類，由仔稚魚豐度變化上可以發現在春末夏初仔稚魚豐度最高，平均約為743.64 inds./1000m3；冬末春初最低，平均約為39.41 inds./1000m3。各季之最優勢種如下：2003秋末冬初纖鉆光魚（Gonostoma gracile）14.78％、2004年冬末春初真?（Trachurus japonicus）11.11％、春末夏初狐鰹屬（Sarda sp.）22.34％、夏末秋初鯷科（Engraulididae）54.97％。
經由典型相關分析可以得知隨著季節之轉變仔稚魚之組成、歧異度、均勻度、單純度、豐富度及豐度等結構特性亦隨之改變。

This study was carried out in four cruises in December 2003 and February、May、August 2004 on board of the “Fishery Research Ⅰ” for understanding the seasonal variation of ichthyoplankton community in the southern East China Sea.
The results showed that the hydrology condition of the southern China Sea had the seasonal characteristic and the spatial change. In December 2003, the temperature ranged from 17.7 to 23.7 degrees and the salinity fell from 32.12 to 34.61 psu. During the year of 2004, the temperature ranged from 15.5-24.8 degrees in February, 22.7-27.8 degrees in May, and 27.1-29.0 degrees in August.On the other hand, the salinity fell between 32.47 to 34.34 psu in February, 34.23 and 34.50 psu in May, and 34.02 to 34.29 psu in August.
Total numbers of 2,274 larvae,which came from 24 samplings and was identified to 119 taxa and 76 families, were collected in this study. In the four sampling cruises, it was founded that the abundances of larval fish were highest, about 743.64 inds./1000m3 during late fall-winter and lowest, about 39.41 inds./1000m3 during late winter-spring The dominant species in each season were Gonostoma gracile (December, 2003), Trachurus japonicus (February, 2004), Sarda sp. (May, 2004) and Engraulididae (August, 2004).
By the CCA (Canonical Correlation Analysis) we can suggest that the seasonal transformation, the structural characteristic include composition、diversity、evenness、concentration、richness and abundance etc. of the larval fish would also change.

目 錄 I
表目錄 III
圖目錄 IV
摘要 VI
Abstract VII
壹、前言 1
貳、材料與方法 7
一、現場海上實驗 7
1.研究時間 7
2.水文資料和仔稚魚樣本收集 7
二、資料處理 8
1.水文資料 8
2.仔稚魚樣本分類 8
3.多樣性指數 10
4.典型相關分析 13
5.群集分析 13
參、結果 14
ㄧ、東海南部海域之水文結構 14
二、 仔稚魚之種類組成 14
三、 仔稚魚豐度變化及發育階段分布特性 17
四、 多樣性指數的季別變動情形 17
五、 仔稚魚的群聚分析 18
肆、討論 22
ㄧ、水文環境結構之探討 22
二、仔稚魚豐度之時空變化 24
三、仔稚魚多樣性指數之變動特性 25
四、魚種分布特性之探討 25
伍、結論與展望 31
謝辭 33
參考文獻 34
表 46
圖 57

表目錄

Table 1 各航次測站地理位置、採集時間及深度 46
Table 2 2003~2004年間海上實驗航次彙整表 47
Table 3 各航次各測站種類組成百分比 48
Table 4 多樣性指數的相關分析 56


圖目錄

Fig. 1東海位置圖（圖片取自國家海洋科學研究中心）57
Fig. 2仔稚魚各發育階段之區分及其外部型態特徵 58
Fig. 3 2003年秋末冬初的溫度及鹽度垂直結構圖 59
Fig. 4 2004年冬末春初的溫度及鹽度垂直結構圖 60
Fig. 5 2004年春末夏初的溫度及鹽度垂直結構圖 61
Fig. 6 2004年夏末秋初的溫度及鹽度垂直結構圖 62
Fig. 7 2003年秋末冬初的溫度及鹽度垂直剖面圖 63
Fig. 8 2004年冬末春初的溫度及鹽度垂直剖面圖 64
Fig. 9 2004年春末夏初的溫度及鹽度垂直剖面圖 65
Fig. 10 2004年夏末秋初的溫度及鹽度垂直剖面圖66
Fig. 11 2003年秋末冬初仔稚魚優勢魚種組成 67
Fig. 12 2004年冬末春初仔稚魚優勢魚種組成 67
Fig. 13 2004年春末夏初仔稚魚優勢魚種組成 68
Fig. 14 2004年夏末秋初仔稚魚優勢魚種組成 68
Fig. 15各航次測站間之仔稚魚豐度示意圖 69
Fig. 16各測站間仔稚魚發育階段組成比較 70
Fig. 17各航次測站間的多樣性指數變動示意圖 71
Fig. 18環境因子與多樣性指數之CCA分析圖 72
Fig. 19 2003~2004年4個航次24個測站仔稚魚組成之群集分析（Cluster Analysis）示意圖 73
Fig. 20仔稚魚群聚構造測站間相似度之季節性變化 74
Fig. 21 2003年秋末冬初前十五優勢種及測站之two-way join cluster示意圖 75
Fig. 22 2004年冬末春初前十五優勢種及測站之two-way join cluster示意圖 76
Fig. 23 2004年春末夏初前十五優勢種及測站之two-way join cluster示意圖 77
Fig. 24 2004年夏末秋初前十五優勢種及測站之two-way join cluster示意圖 78

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