臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
剪切增稠流體 (shear thickening fluid, STF)是一種具有特殊流變行為之流體，其特色是當突然受到外部強大衝擊時，它會在相當短暫之時間(約數毫秒)內迅速呈現有如固態物質之硬度變硬的特性。美國陸軍研究實驗室(ARL)最早開發以Kevlar纖維為基礎，將Kevlar纖維浸在由二氧化矽奈米微粒及聚乙二醇混和之剪切增稠流體，將其稱之為液態裝甲(liquid armor)，可以大大的提升Kevlar纖維在應用上的強度與抗衝擊性。

目前為止，研究以二氧化矽奈米微粒為主之剪切增稠流體已相當成熟，各項測試包含應用於STF-Kevlar纖維之液態裝甲在受到長釘、利刃、針、和低速子彈攻擊後所呈現在抗衝擊防禦能力上遠有效於普通Kevlar纖維，使得剪切增稠流體在軍事上受到極大之關注。目前STF仍有許多能進行研究之方向，因此本研究以核殼型(聚苯乙烯/二氧化矽)奈米微粒及氧化鋁取代二氧化矽作為新的分散相，將其分散於聚乙二醇中，並以流變儀測試其流變行為，並探討此剪切增稠流體之性質。

Abstract
Shear thickening fluid, so called STF, which has a special rheological behavior of the fluid. When suddenly exposed to external shocks, it rapidly presented like a solid which has hardness of properties in a short time (about a few milliseconds). Army Research Laboratory (ARL) first developed shear thickening fluid for military. They researched based on the Kevlar fibers, which was immersed the shear thickening fluid which consists silica nanoparticles and polyethylene glycol mixing, and they called it liquid armor. This shear thickening fluid can greatly enhance the application of Kevlar fiber strength and impact resistance.

So far, study of shear thickening fluid based on nano silica particles is now quite mature, the tests on STF-Kevlar fiber containing the liquid armor by spikes, razor, needle, and low-speed bullet attack presented in much effective impact on defense capabilities in general Kevlar fiber. This result makes shear thickening fluid earn greatly in the military''s attention. There are many capable STF research direction currently, so our major research is core-shell (polystyrene / silica) and alumina, which can replace silica nanoparticles as a new dispersed phase and then disperse in polyethylene glycol alcohol. Finally, we use rheometer to test their rheological behavior, exploring the future of this shear thickening fluid.

目錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 介紹 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
2-1 剪切增稠流體 2
2-1-1 剪切增稠流體簡介 2
2-1-2 剪切增稠流體應用 6
2-2 乳化聚合反應 9
2-2-1乳化聚合反應簡介 9
2-2-2 無乳化劑(surfactant free)乳化聚合反應簡介 11
2-3 溶膠-凝膠法(sol-gel process) 12
2-4 奈米微粒(nanoparticles)介紹 15
2-5 核殼型奈米結構(core shell nano particles)介紹 16
第三章 實驗 17
3-1 實驗前準備 17
3-1-1實驗藥品 17
3-1-2 實驗儀器 18
3-2 實驗步驟 19
3-2-1 以無乳化劑乳化聚合合成聚苯乙烯奈米球狀微粒 19
3-2-2 使用溶膠-凝膠法合成核殼型(聚苯乙烯/二氧化矽)核殼型微粒 20
3-2-3 剪切增稠分散液(核殼型聚苯乙烯/二氧化矽奈米微粒與聚乙二醇混和)製備 21
3-2-4 剪切增稠分散液(氧化鋁奈米微粒與聚乙二醇混和)製備 22
第四章 探討核殼型(聚苯乙烯/二氧化矽)奈米球狀微粒於聚乙二醇中之流變行為 23
4-1 影響核殼型(聚苯乙烯/二氧化矽)奈米球狀微粒外殼(二氧化矽)生成探討 23
4-1-1 反應溫度對核殼型奈米球狀微粒外殼(二氧化矽)生成速率影響 23
4-1-2 pH值對核殼型奈米球狀微粒外殼(二氧化矽)生成速率影響 24
4-1-3加入TEOS(ethanol)速率對核殼型奈米球狀微粒外殼(二氧化矽)生成速率影響 24
4-2改變核殼型(聚苯乙烯/二氧化矽)奈米球狀微粒外殼(二氧化矽)厚薄度大小對製備之剪切增稠分散液剪切增稠效應之影響 25
4-2-1改變TEOS(ethanol)添加量對核殼型奈米球狀微粒外殼(二氧化矽)厚薄度大小影響 25
4-2-2 不同外殼(二氧化矽)厚薄度之核殼型奈米球狀微粒對製備之剪切增稠分散液剪切增稠效應之影響 26
穿透式電子顯微鏡(TEM)檢測 26
表面電位(zeta potential)檢測分析 29
流變儀(rheometer)量測剪切增稠分散液之黏度與剪切速率之關係 31
第五章 結論 38
第六章 參考文獻 40

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