臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

青少年網路遊戲成癮已是全世界許多國家重視的社會現象，根據臨床實驗，目前干預方式有心理與藥物治療、虛擬現實治療、多面向家族治療、認知行為治療等。本文運用焦點團體訪談與深度訪談的綜合方式，透過台灣十四位大學生的故事，聚焦在未經過干預方式的青年，如何由線上遊戲成癮的過去經驗中成功脫離成癮的歷程，並觀察環境因素、社會影響與青少年脫離成癮的關係。每件故事都呈現脫癮者不同的成癮原因，社會背景，生活事件，及社會網絡關係。本研究採用質性分析軟體，以編碼和分析來檢驗脫癮原因和社會影響的關聯性。研究發現在正式的干預方式以外，還可透過學校建立評估與干預機制、強化社交技巧、參加戶外活動、建立信仰、提供抒發情緒的方式與科技介入等策略，協助青少年脫離網路遊戲成癮。

Adolescent online gaming disorder has been regarded as a social phenomenon in many countries. Some interventions are involved such as Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Virtual Reality Therapy, Self-Discovery Camp, Multi-Dimensional Family Therapy and Medicine using. In this study, in-depth interview and focus group interview were conducted. Fourteen college students in Taiwan were selected to involve into the interviews. The processes of how they withdrawal IGD without interventions were revealed. Environment factors, peer and family influences were revealed and linked with IGD. External factors were identified as crucial roles in students’ successful stories. In order to present the external factors of IGD, this study applied qualitative analysis software for coding and analysis. The conclusions were reached as follows:
1. Adolescent could reduce their IGD without external intervention.
2. Six strategies were suggested as assessment and mechanism for IGD student of school, which included that to improve social skills, to participate in outdoor activities, to establish faith, to provide ways to express emotions, and to apply technological intervention in helping adolescent withdrawal from IGD.

碩士學位論文口試委員審定書
中文摘要............................................................I
英文摘要 ..........................................................II
誌謝..............................................................III
目錄...............................................................IV
表目錄..............................................................V
圖目錄.............................................................VI
第一章 緒論........................................................1
第一節 研究背景.................................................1
第二節 研究動機與目的...........................................3
第三節 名詞解釋.................................................4
第四節 研究流程.................................................5
第五節 研究限制 ................................................6
第二章 文獻探討....................................................9
第一節 網路遊戲成癮的模式.......................................9
第二節 成癮六大標準............................................11
第三節 網路遊戲成癮的干預方式..................................11
第四節 外部因素和網路成癮的關係................................14
第三章 研究方法...................................................15
第一節 研究設計................................................15
第二節 研究工具................................................15
第三節 研究對象................................................16
第四節 資料分析................................................17
第四章 研究結果與分析.............................................19
第一節 環境與脫離網路遊戲成癮..................................21
第二節 同儕與脫離網路遊戲成癮..................................24
第三節 家庭與脫離網路遊戲成癮..................................27
第五章 結論及建議.................................................29
第一節 研究結論 ...............................................29
第二節 研究建議................................................31
參考文獻...........................................................36
一、中文部份.......................................................36
二、外文部分.......................................................36
附錄一：網路遊戲成癮量表(IGD-20 test)..............................42
附錄二：國民中小學九年一貫課程綱要總綱.............................43

一、中文部分
中華民國教育部104年學生網路使用情形調查報告http://www.edu.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=0217161130F0B192&s=F1AA06D56E8D6B20
二、外文部分
Atlas.ti Software Homepage (2013). Explore the possibilities of qualitative data analysis, Retrieved from http://www.atlasti.com
APA (2013). Retrieved from http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx
Bax, T. (2015). Internet gaming disorder in China biomedical sickness or sociological badness? Games and Culture, 11(3), 233-255.
Billieux, J. J, Deleuze, J, Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. J. (2015). Internet gaming addiction: The case of massively multiplayer online role-playing games. Textbook of Addiction Treatment: International Perspectives, 1515-1525.
Bishop, J. (2015). Psychological and social implications surrounding internet and gaming addiction. Centre for research into communities and E-learning systems, UK: Swansea.
Braun, B., Kornhuber, J., & Lenz, B.(2016). Gaming and Religion: The Impact of Spirituality and Denomination. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(4),1464-1471
Barry, C. A. (1998). Choosing qualitative data analysis software: Atlas/ti and Nudist Compared. Sociological Research Online, 3 (3), http://www.socresonline.org.uk/3/3/4.html
Cheng, Y. H., & Hsu, S. L. (2016). A study of the gender traits of upper grade students towards cultural code, motivation and level of involvement in online game in Taiwanese primary schools. Youth & Society, in press.
Chung, A. S., Choi, S. W., Woo, J. M., Mok, J. Y., Kim, K. W., & Park, B. J. (2015). The effect of short-term forest therapy camp on youths with internet addiction risk group: Focused on the biological, neurocognitive and psychosocial aspects. Journal of Korean Forest Society,104(4),657-667
CNN(2011). http://edition.cnn.com/2011/11/22/world/asia/south-korea-gaming/
Cotterell, J. (2007). Social Networks in Youth & Adolescence. New York, U.S.A: Routledge.p13-16.
Flynn, H. K., Felmlee, D. H., & Conger, R. D. (2014). The Social Context of Adolescent Friendships Parents, Peers, and Romantic Partners. Youth & Society, doi:10.1177/0044118X14559900
Fuster, H., Carbonell, X., Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Spanish validation of the Internet Gaming Disorder-20 (IGD-20) Test. Computers in Human Behavior, 56, 215-224.
Gorini, A., & Riva, G. (2014). Virtual reality in anxiety disorders: the past and the future. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 8(2)215-233.
Grohol, M. J. (1999). Internet Addiction Guide. A resource for objective, useful information about Internet addiction, a theorized disorder. http://psychcentral.com/netaddiction/
Griffiths, M. A. (2005). Components model of addiction within a bio psychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10(4), 191–197.
Griffiths, M. D. (2010). Computer game playing and social skills: a pilot study. Aloma (27), 301-310.
Griffiths, M. D., King, D. L., & Demetrovics, Z. (2014). Internet gaming disorder needs a unified approach to assessment. Neuropsy Chiatry, 4 (1), 1-4.
Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., & King, D. L. (2012). Video game addiction: past, present and future. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 8, 308-318.
Hoeft, F., Watson, C. L., Kesler, S. R., Bettinger, K. E., & Reiss, A. L.(2008). Gender differences in the mesocorticolimbic system during computer game-play. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42(4), 253-258.
Kim, N. Y. (2015). The Influence of Stress of Children on Game Addiction -Focused on Moderating Effect of Family Support. Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information, 20, 209-219.
Kim, S. M., & Han, D. H. (2014). Virtual reality therapy for internet gaming disorder. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 49, i19 - i19.
King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2014a). The cognitive psychology of Internet gaming disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(4), 298-308.
King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2014b). Internet gaming disorder treatment: A review of definitions of diagnosis and treatment outcome. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(10), 942-955.
Ko, C. H. (2014) SY20-2 the next step of internet addiction in Taiwan. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 49(1), i19
Kuss, D. J. (2013). Internet gaming addiction: current perspectives. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 6, 125-137.
Lee, W. Y., Cheung, M. K., & Chan, K. H. (2015). Massively multiplayer online game addiction: Instrument development and validation. Information & Management, 52(4), 413-430.
Li, W., Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2014). Family factors in Internet addiction among Chinese youth: A review of English- and Chinese-language studies. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 393-411.
Liddle, H. A., Rowe, C. L., Dakof, G. A., Henderson, C. E., & Greenbaum, P. E. (2009). Multidimensional family therapy for young adolescent substance abuse: twelve-month outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 77(1), 12.
Morris, A. (2015). A practical introduction to in-depth interviewing. London, UK. Sage Publications Ltd.
Mortensen, T. (2016). Book review: A world of excesses: Online games and
excessive playing .Cultural Sociology .10 (1), 134-136.
Pontes, H. M., Demetrovics, K. Z., & Griffiths, M. D. (2014). The conceptualisation and measurement of DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: The development of the IGD-20 Test, PloS One, 9 (10), 110-137.
Park, S. Y., Sun, M. K., Roh, S., Soh, M. A., Lee, S.H., Kim, H., Lee, Y. S., & Han, D. H. (2016). The effects of a virtual reality treatment program for online gaming addiction. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine.129,99-108. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.01.015.
Parrish, D. E., Oxhandler, H. K., Duron, J. F., Swank, P., & Bordnick, P. (2015) Feasibility of Virtual Reality Environments for Adolescent Social Anxiety Disorder. Research on Social Work Practice,doi:10.1177/1049731514568897.
Rehbein, F., Kliem, S., Baier, D., Mößle, T., & Petry, N. M. (2015). Prevalence of internet gaming disorder in German adolescents: diagnostic contribution of the nine DSM-5 criteria in a state-wide representative sample. Addiction, 110(5), 842–851.
Sakuma, H., Mihara, S., Nakayama, H., Miura, K., Kitayuguchi, T., Maezono, M., & Higuchi, S. (2016). Treatment with the Self-Discovery Camp (SDiC) improves Internet gaming disorder. Addictive Behaviors. Available online 10 June 2016.
Seok, S., & DaCosta, B. (2015). An investigation of the relationship between personality and mobile game play. Games and Culture, 10(5), 481-501.
Shirasaka, T., Tateno, M., & Tayama, M. (2014). Problematic internet use in Japan: Current situation and future issues. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 49, i68 - i68.
Tao, H. K. (2005). Teenagers’ Internet addiction and the quality-oriented education. Journal of Higher Correspondence Education (Philosophy and Social Sciences), 3, 70-73.
Tao, R., Ying, L., Yue, X. D.,& Hao, X.(2007). Internet addiction: Exploration and intervention. [In Chinese]. Shanghai, China: Shanghai People’s Press.
Thomas, N. J., & Martin, F. H. (2010). Video-arcade game, computer game and Internet activities of Australian students: Participation habits and prevalence of addiction. Australian Journal of Psychology, 62 (2), 59-66.
Toker, S., & Baturay, M. H. (2016). Antecedents and consequences of game addiction. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 668-679.
Tsitsika, A. K., Andrie, E. K., Psaltopoulou, T., Tzavara, C. K., Sergentanis, T. N., Ntanasis-Stathopoulos, I., & Tsolia, M. (2016). Association between problematic internet use, socio-demographic variables and obesity among European adolescents. European Journal of Public Health, 10.1093/eurpub/ckw028.
Wang, X., Liu, Q. M., Ren, Y. J., Lv, J., & Li, L. M. (2015). Family influences on physical activity and sedentary behaviours in Chinese junior high school students: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15, 287. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1593-9.
Wang, C. W., Chan, C. L., Mak, K. K., Ho, S. Y., Wong, P. W., & Ho, R. T. (2014). Prevalence and correlates of video and internet gaming addiction among Hong Kong adolescents: A pilot study. The Scientific World Journal, Article ID 874648, 9 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/874648
Welborn, B. L., Lieberman, M. D., Goldenberg, D., Fuligni, A. J., Galván, A., & Telzer., H. (2016). Neural mechanisms of social influence in adolescence. Social Cognitive & Affective Neurosci, 11(1), 100-109.
Willging, C. E., Quintero, G. A., & Lilliott, E. A. (2014). Hitting the wall: Youth perspectives on boredom, trouble, and drug use dynamics in rural New Mexico. Youth & Society, 46(1), 3–29.
Yang, X., Zhu, L., Chen, Q., Song, P. P., & Wang, Z. H. (2016). Parent marital conflict and internet addiction among Chinese college students: The mediating role of father-child, mother-child, and peer attachment. Computers in Human Behavior, 59, 221-229.
Young, K.S.(2007). Cognitive behavior therapy with internet addicts: Treatment outcomes and implications. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 10(5), 671-679.
Zhu, J., Zhang, W., Yu, C., & Bao, Z. (2015). Early adolescent Internet game addiction in context: How parents, school, and peers impact youth, Computers in Human Behavior, 50, 159-168.