臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在以語料庫分析方法，探討男性與女性小說翻譯中明朗化之風格差異。明朗化乃是Mona Baker (1993)執行語料庫翻譯研究所發現的四大翻譯語言特性之一，此特性意指在譯文中，譯者將原文中之內隱訊息外顯出來。先前研究(Newman et al. 2008; Argamon et al. 2007; Van Gijsel, et al. 2006等等)發現，女性在口語與書寫方面偏向使用更多強意副詞與連接詞，並呈現較低之詞彙密度，因而其風格較男性更為明朗化。基於以上發現，本研究假設女性譯者的翻譯風格同樣地會較男性譯者更明朗化。

本研究共建立近七十萬字之英中小說平行語料庫，其中男性小說譯文與原文之子語料庫共有338946字，女性小說譯文與原文之子語料庫共有332964字。本研究所使用之明朗化分析指標為譯文中額外增加的強意副詞、額外增加的連接詞以及詞彙密度。研究結果發現，女性譯者較男性譯者使用更多額外增加的強意副詞，故其譯文中強意副詞明朗化程度較高。此外，女性譯者較男性譯者添加較少額外的連接詞，故其譯文中連接詞導致的明朗化程度較低。最後，男女譯者之間詞彙密度並無顯著差異。此研究結果指出，口語與書寫環境中所發現之男女明朗化風格傾向，未必全部顯現於男女譯者之譯文中，因此性別並非決定譯者明朗化表現的唯一因素。為解釋男女小說翻譯明朗化差異的可能原因，性別之外的其他因素，如譯者之教育背景與職業，特別是譯者的個人風格喜好，亦需納入考量。

This study aims at probing the explicitation-specific stylistic differences in fiction translations by males and by females using the method of corpus-based analysis. Explicitation, identified by Mona Baker (1993) as one of the four universal translational features of the translational language, refers to rendering the implicit message of the source text explicit in the target text. As shown in previous studies (Newman et al. 2008; Argamon et al. 2007; Van Gijsel, et al. 2006; etc.), due to the use of more intensive adverbs and more conjunctions as well as having a lower lexical density, females have demonstrated a more explicit style than males in speaking and writing. Seen in this regard, I hypothesize that female translators similarly present a more explicit style than males do in their fiction translations.

To investigate the explicitation-specific variation in the translations by males and by females, I analyze an English-Chinese parallel corpus with two subcorpora: one 338946-word subcorpus consisting of the Chinese fiction translations by males with the English originals, and one 332964-word subcorpus composed of the Chinese fiction translations by females with the English originals. The total number of the two subcorpora reaches nearly 700,000 words. The criteria used for explicitation analysis include added intensive adverbs, added conjunctions, and lexical density. The findings show that female translators exhibit a higher degree of added-intensive-adverb-resulted explicitation but a lower degree of added-conjunction-resulted explicitation than males do. However, the lexical density between the translations by males and by females does not show a considerable difference. It is concluded that explicitation-specific tendencies found in previous studies through a comparison of stylistic differences in speaking and writing by males and by females are not necessarily shown in the translations by males and by females. Gender is not the only factor to govern the translator’s explicitation performance. To find possible reasons for the explicitation differences in the translations by males and by females, other factors, including the translator’s educational background, professional experiences, and particularly personal idiosyncratic preferences, need to be taken into consideration.

Chinese Abstract i
English Abstract ii
Acknowledgements iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Research Rationale 1
1.2 Research Purposes 7
1.3 Research Hypotheses and Questions 7
1.4 Research Structure 10
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 11
2.1 The Concept of Style and Gender in Translation 11
2.1.1 The Concept of Style in Translation 11
2.1.2 The Concept of Gender in Translation 14
2.2 The Concept of Explicitation 20
2.2.1 An Overview of Explicitation Assumptions 20
2.2.2 Supportive Studies with the Corpus-based Approach 23
CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 28
3.1 Corpus-based Translation Studies 28
3.2 Corpus Design 30
3.3 Analysis Criteria 34
3.3.1 Intensive Adverbs 34
3.3.2 Conjunctions 35
3.3.3 Lexical Density 36
3.4 The Data Processing Method with the Help of ParaConc and Concordance Tools 36
3.4.1 The ParaConc Tool 37
3.4.2 The Concordance Tool 40
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS & DISCUSSIONS 43
4.1 Added-intensive-adverb-resulted Explicitation 43
4.2 Added-conjunction-resulted Explicitation 55
4.3 Lexical Density 70
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 81
5.1 Overall Findings 81
5.2 Research Significances 82
5.3 Limitations 84
5.4 Suggestions for Future Research 86
REFERENCES 88
APPENDIX 1 94
APPENDIX 2 95
APPENDIX 3 96

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