臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統DEMATEL是透過專家意見以問卷方式決定0~4之影響度之值，分別代表「無影響」、「低影響」、「中影響」、「高影響」、「極高影響」，而本研究首先提出修正式DEMATEL經由常態化數值的概念來評估準則間0~4的相互影響程度。常態化數值是依照多篇專利技術文件經由斷詞斷字系統之重要技術、功能、元件關鍵字出現次數與該高度相關專利群組全文總字數之比值。本研究先以LED閱讀燈為例，初步分類為七項最重要技術準則，透過每個準則所具有的相關技術字以及常態化數值，先計算準則間重複或定義相同的技術字常態化數值，再計算準則間常態化數值佔有之比例，並依所計算出的比例值，來評估決定準則間的相互影響程度0~4之值。接著再依照DEMATEL運算步驟求出總關係影響矩陣、直接/間接關係圖及因果圖，因果圖可協助判斷準則間的相互受影響程度以及哪些準則屬於較為核心技術準則的判定。再將修正式DEMATEL之總關係影響矩陣加入修正式ANP中，形成修正式DANP，本研究先針對LED閱讀燈之三種設計改良方案進行優先評選次序，再將修正式DANP與ANP各自所得之優先設計改良方案作比較後，透過修正式DAMATEL輔助修正式ANP之修正式DANP法所得之優先評選次序計算結果可較符合實際情形。透過LED閱讀燈操作修正式DANP之後，本研究將修正式DANP實際應用於LED自行車燈，經由LED自行車燈產品之相關文獻探討及各項專利分析，將支架結構、夾持部件、散熱鰭片、導熱結構、燈光罩、LED燈源內部配置、電源供應裝置為評選產品設計方案實最重要的評估技術準則，接著透過修正式DEMATEL所分析出的因果圖來解釋七個技術準則的重要度及關連度，發現電源供應裝置為較獨立的準則，與其它準則影響程度低，故本研究之修正式DANP法將電源供應裝置不列入創新方案之優先評選次序內。本研究案例初步擬定LED自行車燈欲改善的三項主要技術，以修正式DANP步驟計算三項創新設計方案的優先評選次序並與修正式ANP比較。最後演算得到三個創新設計方案之優先權值，其優先權值之順序為方案B>方案C>方案A，也就是說方案B之「支撐部結構設計+LED燈源主體結構」為最符合LED自行車燈之最佳產品設計方案。經本文DANP優先評選次序研究以後，本研究再利用修正式TRIZ發明法做改良創新設計，針對創新設計方案B之支撐部結構設計相關的支架連接車燈的快拆結構設計與LED燈源主體結構相關的LED燈源內部配置之燈光反射罩設計做改良創新設計，並得到兩個改良創新設計結果，最後可得到新設計之LED自行車車燈。

Conventional DEMATEL (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) determines degrees of influence at 0~4 scale (0 = no influence; 1 = low influence; 2 = middle influence; 3 = high influence; 4 =extreme influence)by collecting experts’ opinions through questionnaires.But the study proposes a modified DEMATEL that evaluates the mutual influence among 0~4 scales through the concept of normalized numerical value. Normalized numerical value is a ratio of the number of times for appearance of important technical, functional and component keywords, which are obtained from term and word segmentation system, in multiple patent technique documents, to the total number of words in the entire texts of the patent groups with high relativity.First of all, the study takes LED reading lamp for example, and preliminarily classifies its techniques into 7 most important technical standards. Through the related technical words that each standard has and their normalized numerical values, the study firstly calculates the normalized numerical values of repeated technical words among the standards or those having the same definitions. Then the study calculates the ratios of the normalized values among the standards. Based on the ratios calculated, the study assesses the determined mutual influence scales 0~4 among the standards. After that, following the calculation procedures of DEMATEL, the study finds out the general relational influence matrix, direct/indirect relationship diagram, and the causal diagram. The causal diagram can help judge the degree of mutual influence among the standards, and judge which standards belong to more core technical standards. Then the study adds the modified DEMATEL’s calculating the general relational influence matrix to the modified ANP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to form a modified DANP. Focusing on 3 design improvement plans of LED reading lamp, the study makes a priority order of selection, compares the prioritized design improvement plans obtained respectively from modified DANP and ANP. Through modified DAMATEL assist modified ANP of modified DANP the study makes a priority order of selection calculation results meets the actual circs better. After operation of modified DANP of LED reading lamp, the study practically applies the modified DANP to LED bicycle light. After making the related literature review of LED bicycle light products and analysis of different patents, the study regards support structure, clamping part, heat dissipation fins, heat conduction structure, lamp hood, internal configuration of LED light source, and power supply device as the most important technical evaluation standards for selection of product design plan. After that, the study uses the cause and effect diagram, acquired from analysis by modified DEMATEL, to explain the importance and relativity of 7 technical standards. It is found that power supply device is a more independent standard, and has lower degree of influence than other standards. Therefore, the study’s modified DANP does not list power supply device in the priority order of selection for innovative plans. The study preliminarily determines 3 main techniques to be improved for LED bicycle light, by modified DANP steps to Calculate 3 priority order of selection for innovative plans to compare with modified ANP. Finally, the priority of weights for the 3 innovative design plans are obtained from algorithm. The priority order of weights is: Plan B > Plan C > Plan A . That is Plan B’s “design of support structure + main structure of LED light source.” It best meets the optimal product design plan of LED bicycle light. After making research on the priority order of selection via DANP, the study uses modified TRIZ invention method to improve innovative designs. The study makes improvement in the fast structure dismantling design of support-connected bicycle light, which is related to design of support structure in the innovative design plan B , as well as the light reflected hood in the internal configuration of LED light source, which is related to main structure of LED light source in Plan B. Here two improvement results of innovative design are acquired. Finally, the study acquires the new design of LED bicycle light.

摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 VI
目錄 VII
圖目錄 XI
表目錄 XIV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與研究動機目的 1
1.2 LED文獻回顧 2
1.3 LED閱讀燈相關文獻 4
1.4 LED自行車燈相關文獻 5
1.5 修正式TRIZ相關文獻 6
1.6 決策實驗室法(DEMATEL)結合分析網路程序法(ANP)相關文獻 9
1.7 論文架構 10
第二章 LED自行車燈相關理論介紹 13
2.1 LED自行車燈介紹 13
2.2. LED理論介紹 16
2.2.1 LED發光原理 17
2.2.2 LED封裝後之溫度 19
2.3 熱傳遞理論 20
2.3.1熱傳導傳遞 20
2.3.2熱對流傳遞 21
2.4 光學理論 23
2.4.1 照度(E) 23
2.4.2發光強度（I） 23
2.4.3配光曲線 25
2.4.4 TracePro光線分析軟體應用(照度圖分析) 27
第三章修正式TRIZ分群法 29
3.1 TRIZ源起 29
3.2 TRIZ理論基礎 29
3.3修正式TRIZ分群法 32
3.4 修正式分群法TRIZ判讀流程 35
第四章 修正式分析網路程序法(ANP)評選LED閱讀燈過程 39
4.1分析網路程序法(Analytic Network Process,ANP) 39
4.1.1 ANP法的決策程序 39
4.1.2傳統分析網路程序法 40
4.2修正式分析網路程序法 41
4.2.1搜尋專利關鍵技術字群選出評估準則 42
4.2.2產生修正式ANP的三種創新方案 43
4.3判斷修正式ANP各成對比較矩陣的相對重要尺度與權重值 43
第五章 以LED閱讀燈說明修正式DANP評選方法 59
5.1決策實驗室分析法(Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory，DEMATEL) 59
5.2 以LED閱讀燈為例說明修正式DEMATEL法 64
5.2.1 定義各準則之常態化數值(以LED閱讀燈為例) 65
5.2.2 修正式DEMATEL操作步驟(以LED閱讀燈為例) 70
5.3修正式DANP評選方法(以LED閱讀燈為例) 76
5.3.1 一般DEMATEL結合ANP之計算方法 77
5.3.2 以LED閱讀燈為例說明修正式DEMATEL結合修正式ANP評選過程 78
第六章 修正式DANP評選LED自行車燈過程 82
6.1 利用專利技術字篩選出評估準則 82
6.2 修正式DEMATEL計算LED自行車燈之過程 86
6.2.1 定義LED自行車燈各準則常態化數值 86
6.2.2 修正式DEMATEL 應用於LED自行車燈計算過程 86
6.2.3 LED自行車燈六項準則之修正式DEMATEL計算過程 94
6.3 修正式ANP評選LED自行車燈過程 100
6.3.1 建立層級架構 100
6.3.2修正式ANP評選LED自行車燈步驟過程 101
6.4修正式DANP評選LED自行車燈優先次序之過程 123
第七章 LED自行車燈修正式TRIZ創新方案研發過程與模擬 127
7.1新改良LED自行車燈技術問題 127
7.2 利用修正式TRIZ在LED自行車燈支架結構的技術改良與模擬 129
7.2.1改善支架結構拆組速度的改良 133
7.2.2 彈簧回彈機構的使用方便性 137
7.3 利用修正式TRIZ在LED燈源主體的技術改良與模擬 140
7.3.1TracePro光學軟體介紹 140
7.3.2 運用修正式TRIZ改善光照亮度 144
7.3.3 反射罩之修正式TRIZ系統的判讀流程 149
7.4 修正式TRIZ改良的創新技術成為修正式DANP的創新方案 156
第八章 結論 159
參考文獻 161
 

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