臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著大陸半導體製造業的快速發展，半導體生產過程中的廢液處理問題日益受到企業的重視。本研究利用共沉澱法製備磁性納米碳材作為吸附劑來吸附重金屬銅離子，主要是利用吸附劑的磁性來實現固液高效分離和吸附劑回收再利用。本研究利用X-ray粉末繞射儀(XRD)、X光光電子光譜儀(XPS)、傅立葉-紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)高解析透射式電子顯微鏡(TEM)和場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)對磁性納米碳材的微觀形態和成分分析，利用等溫吸附模型對不同碳鐵比重的兩種磁性納米碳材吸附結果進行擬合分析。XPS和XRD測試結果表明利用共沉澱法製備得到CNT@Fe3O4和GO@Fe3O4具有較高的純度；SEM和TEM測試結果表明本研究製備得到的Fe3O4納米顆粒尺寸在10-20 nm左右，且具有較好的分散性。通過等溫方程擬合結果的比較，不同碳鐵比例CNTs@Fe3O4和GO@Fe3O4對Cu2+的吸附量分別在9.32-9.48 mg g-1和15.43-32.49 mg g-1之間，少量的Fe3O4的加入可以提高GO的吸附量，兩種磁性碳材吸附類型是均屬於離子交換型的吸附，且其吸附過程均屬於吸熱過程。本研究利用鹼性溶液完成對磁性納米碳材的脫附，當pH值為11時重複利用性較好。

With the rapid development of semiconductor manufacturing, the treatment of liquid waste in the production process cause increasingly the attention of the enterprises. In this reaserch, the magnetic Fe3O4/Carbon nanocomposites prepared by co-precipitation method was used as absorbent for the absorption of copper ions. The efficient separation of the absorbent and absorbate and the recycling of absorbent were realized by the magnetic propert. In this reaserch, XRD, XPS, FTIR, TEM and SEM were used to analyze the micromorphology and component of the pruducts. Using the isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich were to analyze the adsorption equilibrium datas of diffrenet proportion of carbon and Fe3O4 in order to study mechanism of adsorption. The results of XRD and XPS indicate the high purity of products and the results of SEM and TEM indicate the size of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is approximately 20 nm with a highly dispersed. The theoretical maximum adsorbing capacity of CNT@Fe3O4 and GO@Fe3O4 for copper ions was calculated by Langmuir isothermal equation is between 9.32 and 9.48 mg g-1, 15.43 and 32.49 mg g-1 respectively, which indicate a slight adding of Fe3O4 can enhance adsorbing capacity of GO. The type of adsorption of them is belong to ino-exchange type and belong to endothermic process. In this study, the alkaline solution was succeedly used to desorb the Cu2+ from magnetic Fe3O4/Carbon nanocomposites, and it work best when pH is 11.

誌 谢 I
摘 要 II
Abstract III
目 錄 IV
圖 目 錄 VIII
表 目 錄 XI
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
第二章 文獻回顧 8
2.1 納米碳材料簡介 8
2.2 納米碳材的吸附特性 10
2.2.1 碳納米管 10
2.2.2 石墨烯 12
2.2.3 活性炭 14
2.3 磁性納米碳材製備合成方法 15
2.3.1 共沉澱法 15
2.3.2 氧化(還原)沉澱法 17
2.3.3 水熱法 18
2.3.4 高溫氧化法 19
2.4 吸附模型理論 20
2.4.1 Langmuir吸附理論 20
2.4.2 Freundlich吸附理論 22
2.4.3 Dubinin-Radushkevich吸附理論 23
第三章 實驗方法與分析 24
3.1 實驗器材 24
3.1.1 實驗藥品 24
3.1.2 實驗儀器 26
3.2 實驗方法 27
3.2.1 實驗架構 27
3.2.2 磁性納米碳材的製備 28
3.2.3 吸附實驗 30
3.2.4 再吸附實驗 37
3.4 磁性納米顆粒的特性分析 38
3.4.1 X-ray粉末繞射儀 38
3.4.2 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡 40
3.4.3 高解析穿透式電子顯微鏡 42
3.4.4 熱重分析儀 44
3.4.5 紫外/可見光分光光譜儀 45
3.4.6 傅立葉-紅外線光譜儀 47
3.4.7 X光光電子光譜儀 49
第四章 結果與討論 51
4.1 磁性納米碳材結構特性表徵 51
4.1.1 Fe3O4之合成原理與磁性納米碳材之合成機理 51
4.1.2 分散劑對磁性納米碳材合成之效應 53
4.1.3 材料晶體結構分析 55
4.1.4 元素成分分析 57
4.1.5 官能基鍵結分析 61
4.1.6 材料熱重分析 63
4.1.7 材料形貌分析 64
4.2 吸附實驗分析 67
4.2.1 pH值對吸附Cu2+的影響 67
4.2.2 吸附等溫模型與熱力學方程式 68
4.2.3 CNT@Fe3O4吸附Cu2+結果分析 70
4.2.4 GO@Fe3O4吸附Cu2+的結果分析 75
4.3 脫附與再吸附實驗分析 80
4.3.1 CNT@Fe3O4脫附實驗 80
4.3.2 GO@Fe3O4脫附實驗 82
4.4 吸附與脫附機制 83
4.4.1 CNT@Fe3O4吸附機制 83
4.4.2 GO@Fe3O4吸附機制 85
4.4.3 CNT@Fe3O4和GO@Fe3O4脫附機理 87
第五章 結論與未來展望 89
5.1 結論 89
5.2 未來展望 91
參考文獻 92

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