臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於台灣近年每逢颱風來襲所夾帶之豪大雨，屢屢造成供水系統之原水濁度飆高，遠超出淨水場可處理能力，因此建立穩定且永續之供水備援系統實刻不容緩。淺層含水層因同時具有降雨、河川與地下水側向補注等來源，以河畔取水形式可於豐水期取得乾淨水源，枯水期可截留部分伏流水，且經由土層之入滲過濾，可降低河川水污染物及細菌濃度，為可行之開發或備援水源方案。
為評估地下水流數值模式MODFLOW應用於評估現場各項水文變化量之適用性，本研究利用解析模式驗證數值模式之適用性。模式驗證分為兩部分，第一部份為探討河川水位上升對河川滲漏量之影響，主要利用Ferris et al.(1962)解析模式進行比較。第二部分為抽水行為引致河川滲漏量變化之影響評估，分別以Grigoryev(1957)、Hantush(1965)、Wilson(1993)與Hunt(1999)等四種解析模式，評估MODFLOW應用於模擬抽水井河畔取水之適用性，利用Joshi(1988)驗證水平集水管模式。由研究結果顯示解析解與數值解驗證結果良好，表示數值模式可模擬具備各種水文條件之現場情況。
本研究利用新虎尾溪已設置之橡皮壩設施，評估河川水位抬升對河川滲漏量之影響，分別以河川流量估計法、經驗解析法與數值模擬法等進行分析，結合現場資料、解析解與數值解等研究方法，對區域獨特水文地質特性提出增加河川滲漏之量化研究。由研究結果顯示，利用流量資料與數值解推估之河川滲漏量分別為264.2×104 (m3/y)與170.9×104 (m3/y)，利用解析解與數值解推估河川水位上升所增加之河川滲漏量分別為31.6×104 (m3/y)與26.4×104 (m3/y)，因此當新虎尾溪河川水位上升2.5m時，可增加河川滲漏量約10.0%至18.5%。
本研究提出於北彰化快官地區與貓羅溪河畔，設置寬口井進行水源開發。水文地質參數之敏感性分析有助於現場模式驗證，抽水井形式之敏感性分析則可應用於出水方案設計。由研究與設計方案結果顯示，合適方案為於貓羅溪沿岸設計8口單井出水量為7,500CMD之抽水井，井徑為4m之寬口井分兩排交叉佈設，由模擬結果顯示地下水位洩降量符合下限水位標準，洩降影響範圍未擴及700m外之住宅區。
南彰化水源開發以竹塘地區沿濁水溪北岸，設置寬口輻射井方式進行水源開發，並進行水平集水管形式之敏感性分析。由研究分析結果顯示，建議方案為沿濁水溪北岸設置6口，單井出水量為7,400CMD之4m寬口輻射井，井徑2m之水平集水管由寬口井往外延伸10m，由模擬結果顯示地下水位洩降量符合下限水位標準，洩降影響範圍至600m外之住宅區約0.2至0.3m。

Taiwan is hit by typhoons along with torrential rains in recent years, the raw water for the water system would usually rise to a level of high turbidity, far beyond the capacity of the water purification station. Therefore, it is of great urgency to establish a steady and sustainable water supply backup system. The shallow aquifer is sourced by rains, rivers, and groundwater side recharge. By pumping near the riverbank, it is able to obtain clean water in wetting season and also intercept part of the groundwater during the drying season. Furthermore, the seepage on the soil stratum as well as the seepage is able to decrease the contamination and bacterial concentration of the water from rivers. Thus, it can be considered as a developable backup water supply program.
To evaluate the applicability of MODFLOW being used for all hydrological variations on the site, the study makes use of analytical models to verify its applicability. The verification consists of two steps. The first step involves research on the effect of water level rise to the river seepage, by mainly using the analytical mode formulated by Ferris et al. (1962). This step likewise involves the comparison of the results. The second step is to assess the effect of the pumping activity to the river seepage, using four analytical models that were developed by Grigoryev (1957), Hantush (1965), Wilson (1993), and Hunt (1999) to evaluate the applicability of MODFLOW being used for simulating pumping near riverbank. Furthermore, the second step utilizes the analytical mode of Joshi (1988) to verify the horizontal collection well mode. According to the research results, the analytical solution and the numerical solution have shown good verification results. This indicates that the MODFLOW can simulate the on-site situation under all kinds of hydrological conditions.
The study makes use of rubber dam installations to evaluate the influence of water level rise on river seepage. River flow estimation, experience analytical, and numerical simulation are respectively used for analysis. By combining on-site materials, analytical solution, and numerical solution, as well as other research approaches, a quantification study on river seepage increase for the unique hydrological geology of the region has been conducted. According to the research results, the river seepage amounts estimated from the stream flow data and numerical solution are 2,642 thousand m3/year and 1,709 thousand m3/year respectively. In relation to this, the increased river seepage amounts estimated from the analytical solution and numerical solution are 316 thousand m3/year and 264 thousand m3/year respectively. Thus, it is estimated that, at a 2.5 m of rise of the river water level, the amount of river seepage will be increased from 10.0% to 18.5%.
The study proposes large wells to be built for water source development in the Kuaiguan area of North Zhanghua and the area along the Maoluo River. To undergo sensitivity analysis for hydrological geology parameters that can help to verify the mode of the site, the corollary process of sensitivity analysis for the pumping well form can be applied in the water supplying program design. Based on the results of the research and design, the project is building 8 pumping wells along the Maoluo River, each with a water yield of 7,500 CMD, cross-distributed in two lines with 4 m of well diameter. The simulation results show that the groundwater drawdown accords with the lower limit standard and the drawdown does not involve residential areas located 700 m away.
The water source development in South Zhanghua involves building large-radial wells along the north bank of the Zhuoshui River in the Zhutang Area. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis for the horizontal collection well form is undertaken for the water supplying program design. Based on the analysis of the research, the proposal is to build 6 large-radial wells, each with a water yield of 7,400 CMD, 4 m well diameter, with horizontal collection wells 2 m in length reaching 10 m from the wells. The simulation results indicate that the groundwater drawdown is in accordance with the lower limit standard. Furthermore, the drawdown affects the residential areas situated 600 m away between the degrees of 0.2 to 0.3 m.

目 錄
摘 要 I
ABSTRACT III
誌 謝 V
目 錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
符號說明 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機與目的 1
1.2 研究方法 3
1.3 研究架構 3
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1 河畔取水解析模式相關文獻 6
2.2 河畔取水數值模式相關文獻 8
第三章 理論模式介紹 10
3.1數值模式MODFLOW軟體介紹 10
3.2 河川流量估計法 11
3.3 解析模式介紹 11
3.3.1 Ferris et al. (1962)理論模式介紹 11
3.3.2 Grigoryev (1957)理論模式介紹 13
3.3.3 Hantush (1965)理論模式介紹 14
3.3.4 Wilson (1993)理論模式介紹 15
3.3.5 Hunt (1999)理論模式介紹 15
3.3.6 Joshi (1988)水平井理論模式介紹 16
3.4 解析與數值模式驗證 18
3.4.1 河畔抽水井取水模式驗證 18
3.4.2 河畔水平集水管取水模式驗證 21
第四章 河川滲漏量與地下水位影響之案例應用 24
4.1新虎尾溪河川水位抬升對河川滲漏量分析 24
4.1.1 新虎尾溪研究區域概述 25
4.1.2 河川流量估計法 28
4.1.3 MODFLOW數值模式推估法 28
4.1.4 Ferris et al. (1962)經驗解析法 32
4.1.5 河川水位抬升影響河川滲漏量評估 34
4.2 快官地區河畔取水對河川滲漏量與地下水位影響分析 35
4.2.1 快官地區研究區域概述 35
4.2.2 烏溪與快官地區數值模式建構 36
4.2.3 水文地質參數之敏感性分析 40
4.2.4 快官地區河畔取水最佳設置分析 45
4.3 竹塘地區河畔取水對河川滲漏量與地下水位影響分析 49
4.3.1 竹塘地區研究區域概述 50
4.3.2 濁水溪與竹塘地區數值模式建構 52
4.3.3 水平集水管設置之敏感性分析 55
4.3.4 竹塘地區河畔取水最佳設置分析 62
第五章 成果與建議 65
5.1 研究成果 65
5.2 研究建議 67
參考文獻 68
自 述 74

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