臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

現今多樣少量的加工程序中，電腦輔助夾具規劃為不可或缺的重要一環，本系統遵循基本3-2-1法則，利用幾何投影的概念，依是否具基準面、稜柱型工件、歪斜工件等不同情形歸納法則，進行夾持點的規劃選擇，根據此時夾持點的位置高度，自動選取適當之定位或夾持元件，依據點所在的面之法向量方向或所在圓柱面軸線方向，計算放置夾具元件所需旋轉之角度。夾具元件繪製部分，利用繪圖軟體CATIA繪製相關元件。本研究主要依據工件幾何資料，以法則推理的方式，作定位點、夾持點的規劃，並結合電腦輔助製程規劃系統、使用者介面、夾具資料庫，提供各製程之夾具規劃結果、各夾具零組件圖、夾具規劃組合圖等完整之規劃結果，供使用者作檢測修改，希望藉此降低工業界製造生產成本，穩固加工品質，提升產業生產效能。

Computer aided fixture planning plays an active role in manufacturing operations for variety of product but a small quantity of batch recently. In this system, we follow the basic 3-2-1 locating principles, and use the concept of the projective geometry. A set of algorithms is presented to determinate the locating/clamping points by considering the different cases such as the datum planes, prismatic workpieces, and non-prismatic workpieces. The algorithms select the size of the fixtures by the height of the locating/clamping points. According to the normal direction of locating/clamping points on the plane or the axis of cylindrical surface the points is located, we calculate the distance to move or the angle to rotate for putting the fixture to the correct position. The portions of the fixture elements are drew by drafting software CATIA. This paper uses the rule-based method to configure the locating/clamping point in terms of the geometry of workpiece. This article combines with computer aided process planning system, user interface, and the fixturing database, and provides the result of every step of process planning, and the graph of fixture elements and of the assembly of fixture planning. This research can lower the cost of manufacturing, and raise the producing efficiency and the quality of manufacturing in the industry.

電腦輔助夾具規劃系統 I
誌謝 II
摘要 III
ABSTRACT IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XII
第一章 導論 13
1.1 研究動機 13
1.2 研究方法與限制 14
1.3 系統開發環境 15
1.4 論文整體架構 16
第二章 文獻回顧 17
2.1 夾具基本知識 17
2.2 夾具基本原理 18
2.2.1 定位原理 18
2.2.2 夾持原理 20
2.2.3 基準面 21
2.3 夾具硬體系統 21
2.3.1 專用夾具（Dedicated fixture） 21
2.3.2 模組化夾具（Modular fixture） 22
2.3.3 混合型夾具 24
2.4 文獻回顧 25
2.4.1 夾具元件配置 25
2.4.2 夾具元件組裝 26
2.4.3 電腦輔助夾具規劃發展方向與現況 26
2.5 與其他模組整合 28
2.5.1 CAPP 28
2.5.2 資料庫 28
第三章 電腦輔助夾具規劃系統 29
3.1 前言 29
3.2 點夾具規劃模組 32
3.2.1 底面定位點搜尋法則 35
3.2.2 側面定位點、夾持點搜尋法則 45
3.2.3 側面定位夾持點高度 52
3.2.4 頂面夾持點搜尋法則 54
3.2.5 其他內部演算法則 55
3.3 面夾具規劃模組 58
3.3.1 底面定位面搜尋法則 59
3.3.2 側面定位面、夾持面搜尋法則 64
3.3.3 頂面夾持面搜尋法則 65
3.3.4 其他內部演算法則 66
第四章 實作範例 68
4.1 使用者介面 68
4.2 夾具資料庫 72
4.3 範例一 73
4.4 範例二 80
4.5 範例三 85
第五章 結論與未來展望 90
5.1 研究成果與結論 90
5.2 結果討論 91
5.3 未來展望 91
參考文獻 92
作者簡歷 96

[1]Bluco Technik, Modular Fixturing System - Parts Catalog 8/89, 1989
[2]Brost, R. C. and Goldberg, K. Y., “A complete algorithm for designing planar fixtures using modular components”, IEEE Transaction on Robotics and Automation, 12(1), pp.31-46, 1996.
[3]Borema, J. R., and Kales, H. J. J., ”Fixture design with FIXES: the automatic selection of positioning, clamping and support features for prismatic parts”, CRIP Annals, Vol. 38., pp.399-402, 1989.
[4]Chou, Y. C.,Chandru, V., and Barash M. M., ”A mathematical approach to automatic configuration of machining fixtures: analysis and synthesis”, Journal of Engineering for Industry: ASME Transactions, Vol. 111, No.4, 1989.
[5]Gandhi, M. V.,Thompson, B. S., “The integration of CAD and CAM in adaptive fixturing for flexible manufacturing systems”, Computer in Engineering, Vol. 2, pp.301-305, 1985.
[6]Hargrove S. K. and Kusiak. A., “Computer-aided fixture design: a review”, International Journal of Proceeding Research, Vol. 32, No.4, pp. 733-753, 1994.
[7]ISO 10303-203, Product data representation and exchange part203: Application protocol: Configuration controlled design, 1994.
[8]ISO 10303-214, Product data representation and exchange part214 CDII: Application protocol: Core data for automotive mechanical design processes, 1997.
[9]Jiang, W,. Wang, Z., and Cai, Y., “Computer aided group fixture design”, CRIP Annals, Vol. 37, pp.145-148, 1988.
[10]Kumar, A. S., Subranmaniam, V. and Seow, K. C., “Conceptual design of fixtures using genetic algorithms”, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 15(2), pp.79-84, 1999.
[11]King, D. A. and de Sam Lazaro, A., “Process and tolerance considerations in the automated design of fixtures”, Journal of Mechanical Design: ASME Transactions, 116, pp.480-486, 1994.
[12]Liu, C. L., “A systematic conceptual design of modular fixtures”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, No. 9, pp. 217-224, 1994.
[13]Lin, Z. C. and Huang, J. C., “The application of neural networks in fixture planning by pattern classification”, Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 8(4), pp.307- 322, 1997.
[14]Lin, Q., “Mechanics and planning of workpiece fixturing and robotics grasping (stiŒness, deflection)”, PhD thesis, California Institute of Technology, 1998.
[15]Nee, A. Y. C., “Applying AI in jigs and fixtures design”, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 3(2), pp.195-200, 1987.
[16]Nnaji, B. O., Alladin, S. and Lyu, P., “A framework for a rule-based expert fixturing system for face milling planar surfaces on A CAD system using flexible fixtures”, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, 7(3), pp.193-207, 1988.
[17]Nnaji, B. O. and Alladin, S., “E-CAFFS: an expert computer-aided flexible fixturing system”, Computers and Industrial Engineering, 18(3), pp.297-311, 1990.
[18]Ong, S.K. and Nee, A. Y. C., “An intelligent fuzzy set-up planner for manufacturability and fixturability evaluation”, International Journal of Production Research, 34(3), pp.665-686, 1996.
[19]Ong, S. K. and Nee, A. Y. C., “A systematic approach for analyzing the fixturability of parts for machining”, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering, 120, pp.401-408, 1998.
[20]Rong, Y. and Bai, Y., “Automated generation of fixture configuration design”, Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering: ASME Transactions, 119(2), pp.208-219, 1997.
[21]Roy, U., and Sun P. L., “Selection of preliminary locating and clamping positions on a workpiece for an automatic fixture design system”, Computer Integrated Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 7, No. 3, pp.161-172, 1994.
[22]Roy, U., Liao, J., Sun, P. L. and Fields, M. C., “Fixture design synthesis for a flexible manufacturing system”, Integrated Computer-aided Engineering, 4(2), pp.101-113, 1997.
[23]Trappey, A. J. C., and Liu C. R., “Automatic generation of configuration for fixturing an arbitrary workpiece using projective spatial occupancy enumeration approach”, Proceedings, Symposium on Advances in Integrated Product Design and Manufacturing, Vol. 9,No. 4/5, pp. 321-326, 1990.
[24]Trappey, A. J. C. and Liu, C. R., “An automatic workholding verification system”, Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 9(4- 5), pp.321-326., 1992.
[25]Trappey, A. J. C., and Matrubhutam, S., “Fixture configuration using projective geometry.”, Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 486-495, 1993.
[26]Trappey, A. J. C., and Liu C. R., “A literature survey of fixture-design automation.”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 5(3), pp. 240-255, 1990.
[27]Wu, N. H. and Chan, K. C., “A genetic algorithm based approach to optimal fixture configuration.”, Computers & Industrial Engineering, 31(3/4), pp.919-924, 1996.
[28]鍾家榮，整合性電腦輔助治夾具設計系統之研發，清華大學工業工程研究所碩士論文，中華民國，1993。
[29]吳明修，從夾具功能探討模組化夾具系統設計策略及模組化夾具設計方式，台灣大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，中華民國，1994。
[30]傅紹明，多軸加工機器之夾具規劃，中山大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，中華民國，1994。
[31]葉大誠，電腦輔助模組化夾具規劃與夾持決策支援系統之整合開發，清華大學工業工程研究所碩士論文，中華民國，1994。
[32]侯建良，系統化之夾持設計、分析、驗證流程與技術之建立，清華大學工業工程研究所碩士論文，中華民國，1997。
[33]胡英傑，電腦輔助製程之自動定位規劃與應用，台灣大學機械工程研究所碩士論文，中華民國，2006。
[34]尤春風，Spring Solid System實體模型系統，台灣大學實體模型系統實驗室。
[35]張建安，鑽模夾具學，新陸書局，中華民國，1991。