臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

Heterogeneous Internet applications can be easily integrated when they are exported as Web Services, which use XML-based standards for service description and communication.
It becomes possible to provide more sophisticated compound services by combining simpler services. This entails, among other things, the need of precise semantic description
of service demands and supplies and an associated matching mechanism. Technologies under development in the Semantic Web, in particular ontology and rule definition languages, appear to meet the need perfectly. However, as exact matches may be difficult to find and often unnecessary, the matching mechanism ideally should allow certain degree of fuzziness.

In this thesis, we propose an approximate matching scheme that fully exploits the expressiveness of Semantic Web''s ontology definition language OWL, which is based on Description Logic, and the inference ability that comes with the logic. To demonstrate the applicability of our scheme, we develop a prototype service matchmaker for the Trip Planner, which is a service composer for the tourism industry developed on Protege.

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Motivation and Objective. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Thesis Outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Related Work 5
2.1 Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.1.1 SOAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.2 WSDL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.1.3 UDDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
2.2 The Semantic Web . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.2.1 RDF and RDFS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2.2 OWL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
2.2.3 OWL-S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
2.2.4 Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2.5 Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2.3 Semantic Web Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
2.4 Service Matching and Ranking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.1 Service Matching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4.2 Service Ranking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
3 Preliminaries 21
3.1 Basics of Description Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
3.2 Inference Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.3 Concrete Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4 Relationship Between DL and OWL . . . . . . . . . . . .27
3.5 Semantic Web Rule Language: SWRL . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.5.1 SWRL Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31
3.5.2 SWRL Reasoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4 A Matching Scheme 33
4.1 Service Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
4.2 Difficulties of Approximate Matching . . . . . . . . . 34
4.3 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
4.3.1 Inference Layer: Description Logic Reasoner . . . . .36
4.3.2 Matching Layer: Service Matchmaker . . . . . . . . . 37
4.3.3 Approximate Layer: Concept Approximator . . . . . . .37
4.3.4 Rule Layer: SWRL Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.3.5 Ontology Layer: Domain Ontology . . . . . . . . . . .38
4.4 Matching Degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
4.5 Concept Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38
4.6 Bottom-up ranking scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
5 Prototype System: A Service Matchmaker for the Trip Planner 43
5.1 Inference Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.2 TourismDomain Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.3 Approximation Issue for Ontology . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.4 Rules implementation issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
5.5 System Demonstration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.5.1 The Trip Planner Plugin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
6 Conclusion 54
6.1 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
6.2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .55

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