臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　此研究之目的致力於開發新式五軸工具機量測方法，內容包含分析軟體設計、量測治具設計、誤差補償方法。本研究利用雙球桿量測儀 (Double Ball-Bar,DBB)並延伸其量測功能至五軸工具機動態與靜態的誤差量測，量測過程搭配新設計之正交球窩陣列圓盤以及誤差分析程式，分別進行順時鐘與逆時鐘各三次量測，本論文提出的量測方法解決了目前無法使DBB進行多軸同動量測路徑不同的限制，因此無法分析單一路徑下三軸同動循跡的誤差。而本論文所發展的正交球窩陣列圓盤可實施多軸同動下在單一相同路徑下的量測，並能夠分析出三維同動循跡誤差。
　　本論文進行實驗內容包含B-type五軸工具機(Chmer-Hm3025L)進行XYC同動與YZA同動之循跡誤差，並進一步分析C與A軸中心偏置誤差、C與A軸伺服匹配誤差、熱膨脹與中心偏置誤差關係、C與A軸平台傾斜誤差。實驗結果顯示此系統可正確量測出五軸工具機之靜態與動態誤差，XYC與YZA循跡誤差可分別降低至8 μm與12 μm以內，XYZ與AC軸不匹配誤差可補償至2.25 μm以內、偏心可修正到±1 μm內。
　　本論文提出的方法具高度實用性，量測架構設計簡單以及量測方法極具有效率，可提供業界解決五軸工具機動態精度檢測與伺服匹配的方法，量測時間可於六分鐘內結束，量測效率以及重複性比市售五軸量測儀器還要來的高，成本也相對較低廉，是極具競爭力之新式五軸工具機量測方法。
關鍵字：雙球桿量測儀(DBB)、正交球窩陣列圓盤、循跡誤差、三軸同動量測、伺服不匹配。

　　This research dedicated in developing a new measuring method for five-axis CNC machining center. By combining a DBB(Double Ball-bar) with a newly designed orthogonal plate, the measuring function of DBB will be expanded to measuring three-axis simultaneous operations. Current method is to setup at least three DBB measureing arrangements with different TCPs(Tool Centering Paths) which may cause setup errors and other errors from different TCPs. This research proposed a method by combining a DBB(Double Ball-bar) with an orthogonal plate which only needs one setup with the same TCP can measure the correct dynamic conturing errors and other simultaneous operation errors in three-axis directions.
　　A type-B five-axis machine tools was conduct measuring three-axis(XYC,YZA) simultaneous operations. Our experiments can determine several errors of five-axis machine tools which includes: location errors of A-axis and C-axis , servo mismach errors of XYC and YZA simultaneous operation, XY-axis backlesh and thermal influence to ecentricity. Results showed that conturing errors of XYC and YZA can be decreased from 37 μm and13.7 μm to 9 μm and 10 μm. Mismatch errors of XYC and YZA operations can be decreased from 15.5 μm and 13.5 μm to under 0.5 μm and 1 μm. Eccentricity can be decreased from 50 μm to 1 μm. By combining DBB with an orthogonal plate and software, we can complete fast measuring procedure and analysis within six minutes and overall cost is cheaper than current comercial instruments.

致謝 i
摘要 ii
ABSTRACT iii
第一章　緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2 研究背景與目的 2
1.3 文獻回顧 3
1.3.1多軸同動量測文獻 4
1.3.2旋轉軸靜態誤差量測文獻 16
第二章 五軸工具機與其誤差來源 26
2.1五軸工具機 26
2.2五軸工具機誤差來源 27
第三章 五軸工具機量測系統 32
3.1 雙球桿循圓儀(DOUBLE BALL-BAR) 32
3.2 正交球窩陣列圓盤 35
3.3 量測原理與誤差分析 40
3.3.1 最小平方法 42
第四章 誤差分析軟體 45
4.1軟體分析方法 45
4.2軟體數據呈現 46
4.3循跡誤差分析 49
第五章 三軸同動誤差量測 50
5.1　XYC與YZA同動量測技術 50
5.1.1 C軸平台偏心誤差 57
5.1.2 C軸平台傾斜誤差 62
5.1.3 XY軸背隙誤差 64
5.1.4 C軸伺服不匹配誤差量測 67
5.1.5 環境溫度對於XYC偏心誤差之關係77
5.2　YZA同動量測實驗 80
5.2.1 A軸伺服不匹配誤差 80
5.2.2 A軸偏心誤差 87
5.2.3 A軸傾斜誤差 90
5.3 XYC與YZA同動循跡誤差 93
第六章 結論與未來展望 95
參考文獻 100

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