臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為了環境保護與減少資源浪費，將產品回收並再利用的概念已格外受到重視，也使得逆向物流活動逐漸納入供應鏈中。但增加對回收品及再製品的考量，將使得供應鏈在進行存貨管理時變得複雜且充滿不確定性。因此，本研究採用供應鏈管理中的協調機制，並選擇能有效管理存貨且減少長鞭效應產生的供應商管理庫存(Vendor Managed Inventory, VMI)，以降低因逆向物流的複雜度與不確定性對供應鏈所造成的損失。此外，本研究將配銷策略中擁有較多優勢的越庫作業(cross-docking)加入架構中，除了較直接運送與傳統倉儲減少成本的支出，也能讓產品正確且快速送至零售商手中。且透過VMI資訊流通的特性，將有助於越庫作業達到對資訊的要求。故本研究在包含逆向物流活動之供應鏈中導入越庫作業，並在此架構下利用VMI的特性建構出最適成本模式。最後經由推導出最佳的決策變數與供應鏈總成本並且對模式進行分析，以提供相關資訊作為企業管理與決策上之依據。由研究結果顯示，零售商與配銷中心在存貨成本的部份將有所減少，而供應商雖然增加了存貨成本的負擔，但供應商可藉由調整回收品再製成本與新品生產成本這兩個顯著因子以達到降低本身以及供應鏈總成本的目標。故相關產業可使用本研究之模式與資訊做為參考，將有助於替整個供應鏈作出有利的決策，並達到供應鏈總成本最小化的目標。

To reduce the waste of resources, the concept of reusing return products in the market has been employed, and such reverse logistics activities have been extended to supply chain system. However, using the reverse logistics activities need to consider both return products and remanufactured products, that makes supply chain management become complex and uncertain. Therefore, this study used the coordination mechanism of Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI) which can coordinate supply chain and reduce bullwhip effect to decrease the loss caused by reverse logistics. Furthermore, this study added the distribution strategy of cross-docking which is better than direct shipment and traditional warehousing. Then, the information requirement in cross-docking can be satisfied through information sharing under VMI. In this study, adding cross-docking in the supply chain with reverse logistics, then using the characteristic of VMI to construct the optimal model of supply chain. The objective of this study is to derive the optimal acquisition price of used product and the optimal order quantity to get the minimal cost of whole supply chain, then performing sensitivity analysis and hypothesis test for parameters. According to the results, retailers and distribution center achieve lower inventory cost, and vendor can reduce the cost through adjusting significant factors of remanufacturing costs for returned product and production costs for new product. Thus related industries could use the model and information in this study to make profitable decisions and achieve the objective for minimal cost of whole supply chain.

目錄
中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景和動機 1
1.2 研究目的 2
1.3 研究流程 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
2.1 供應鏈管理 6
2.2 供應鏈協調機制 7
2.3 逆向物流 10
2.4 供應商管理庫存 (Vendor Managed Inventory, VMI) 13
2.5 配銷策略 17
2.6 小結 20
第三章 研究方法 23
3.1 問題描述 23
3.2 研究設計 24
3.3 研究流程 25
3.4 相關參考模式 27
3.5 模式建立 29
3.5.1 研究假設 29
3.5.2 參數定義 30
3.6 研究模式 32
3.6.1 模式推導 32
3.6.2 模式求解 37
3.6.2.1 模式不考慮限制式 38
3.6.2.2 模式考慮限制式 40
第四章 模式分析與驗證 45
4.1 數值範例 45
4.1.1 模式不考慮限制式 47
4.1.2 模式考慮限制式 48
4.2 敏感度分析 51
4.2.1 回收品再製成本(Cre)對回收品取得價格(p*)、各個零售商向供應商的訂購量(Q1*、Q2*、Q3*)與供應鏈總成本TCtotal(Qk*, p*)之影響 51
4.2.2 新品生產成本(Cm)對回收品取得價格(p*)、各個零售商向供應商的訂購量(Q1*、Q2*、Q3*)與供應鏈總成本TCtotal(Qk*, p*)之影響 53
4.2.3 供應商設置成本(Ss)對回收品取得價格(p*)、各個零售商向供應商的訂購量(Q1*、Q2*、Q3*)與供應鏈總成本TCtotal(Qk*, p*)之影響 55
4.2.4 供應商至配銷中心之運輸成本(Csd)對回收品取得價格(p*)、各個零售商向供應商的訂購量(Q1*、Q2*、Q3*)與供應鏈總成本TCtotal(Qk*, p*)之影響 57
4.2.5 回收量之價格敏感因子(b)對回收品取得價格(p*)、各個零售商向供應商的訂購量(Q1*、Q2*、Q3*)與供應鏈總成本TCtotal(Qk*, p*)之影響 59
4.2.6 敏感度分析小結 61
4.3 假說檢定 64
4.3.1 實驗數據 64
4.3.2 數據分析 66
4.4 小結 71
第五章 結論與未來研究方向 73
5.1 研究結論 73
5.2 未來研究方向 75
參考文獻 77
附錄 86

圖目錄
圖1.1 研究流程與架構 4
圖2.1 逆向物流活動基本流程圖 (Srivastava, 2008) 11
圖2.2 傳統供應鏈之物流與資訊流示意圖(Yu et al., 2009) 16
圖2.3 VMI導入下之物流與資訊流示意圖(Yu et al., 2009) 16
圖3.1 本研究供應鏈架構圖 24
圖3.2 研究流程圖 26
圖4.1 回收品再製成本對回收品取得價格之影響 52
圖4.2 回收品再製成本對各個零售商訂購量之影響 53
圖4.3 回收品再製成本對供應鏈總成本之影響 53
圖4.4 新品生產成本對回收品取得價格之影響 54
圖4.5 新品生產成本對各個零售商訂購量之影響 55
圖4.6 新品生產成本對供應鏈總成本之影響 55
圖4.7 供應商設置成本對回收品取得價格之影響 56
圖4.8 供應商設置成本對各個零售商訂購量之影響 57
圖4.9 供應商設置成本對供應鏈總成本之影響 57
圖4.10 供應商至配銷中心之運輸成本對回收品取得價格之影響 58
圖4.11 供應商至配銷中心之運輸成本對各零售商訂購量之影響 59
圖4.12 供應商至配銷中心之運輸成本對供應鏈總成本之影響 59
圖4.13 回收量之價格敏感因子對回收品取得價格之影響 60
圖4.14 回收量之價格敏感因子對各個零售商訂購量之影響 61
圖4.15 回收量之價格敏感因子對供應鏈總成本之影響 61
圖4.16 常態分配檢定圖 66

表目錄
表2.1協調機制之整理表 8
表2.2 VMI之優點與缺點(Kim & Park, 2010) 15
表3.1 主要參考文獻內容與差異處 27
表3.2 本研究參數定義 30
表4.1參數數值與單位 45
表4.2各參數值變化幅度 51
表4.3 回收品再製成本變動下對決策變數與供應鏈總成本影響 52
表4.4 新品生產成本變動下對決策變數與供應鏈總成本影響 54
表4.5 供應商設置成本變動下對決策變數與供應鏈總成本影響 56
表4.6 供應商至配銷中心之運輸成本變動下對決策變數與供應鏈總成本影響 58
表4.7 回收量之價格敏感因子變動下對決策變數與應鏈總成本影響 60
表4.8 各參數對各決策變數與整體供應鏈總成本的相關性 63
表4.9 實驗數據 64
表4.10 回收品再製成本(Cre)之Kruskal-Wallis檢定結果 67
表4.11 新品生產成本(Cm)之Kruskal-Wallis檢定結果 68
表4.12 供應商設置成本(Ss)之Kruskal-Wallis檢定結果 69
表4.13 供應商至配銷中心之運輸成本(Csd)之Kruskal-Wallis檢定結果 70
表4.14 供應商至回收量之價格敏感因子(b)之Kruskal-Wallis檢定結果 71

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