臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

反應蒸餾程序具有節省設備成本，以及提昇反應轉化率的特色，而內隔板式蒸餾程序則除了可減少設備成本之外，同時具有節能效果，本研究即以甲醇與混合酸進行酯化反應之系統為例，探討了反應蒸餾系統之設計與最適化，製程主要目的乃為了生產純度98 wt%乙酸甲酯及純度99 mole%丙酸甲酯，並移除廢水產物，其中傳統蒸餾程序以最小年總成本為目標而進行最適化，深入探討了甲醇過量比(Rm)對該製程最適化之影響，發現當Rm值介於1與1.022之間時，可以使用兩支蒸餾塔達到設定之規格，而Rm值高於1.022時，則需三支塔方能達到設定之規格，在Rm值設定為1.022，可得到最佳的傳統反應蒸餾程序所對應之最佳Rm值。
在另一方面，吾人同時以最適之傳統反應蒸餾程序為基礎，轉換成內隔板式反應蒸餾程序，並加以最適化，結果顯示在再沸器總負荷量方面，內隔板式反應蒸餾程序相較於傳統反應蒸餾程序節省了49.1%，而在總年成本方面，內隔板式反應蒸餾程序相較於傳統反應蒸餾程序減少了15.1%，最後吾人發現內隔板式反應蒸餾在節能方面與年總成本方面皆優於傳統蒸餾程序。

Reduced equipment costs and increased conversions are notable features of reactive distillation processes. On the other hand, dividing-wall distillation units can not only reduce equipment costs, but also save energy. In the context, this study explores the design and optimization of a reactive distillation system involving the esterification of mixed acids with methanol. The main purpose of the process is to produce 98 wt% methyl acetate and 99 mole% methyl propionate, and to remove wastewater at the same time. A conventional reactive distillation process is designed and optimized with the goal of minimizing its total annual cost (TAC), and the effect of methanol to mixed acid ratio (Rm) is explored in the process optimization. It has been shown that when 1 ≤ Rm ≤ 1.022, only two columns are needed to achieve the specified product purities. However, when Rm is larger than 1.022, an additional column is required. It has been found an optimal conventional reactive distillation (RD) system can be obtained when Rm is set at 1.022.
On the other hand, the optimal RD system can be transformed to a reactive dividing-wall column (R-DWC) scheme. It can be done with an iterative optimization procedure. The optimized R-DWC scheme revealing a 49.1% reduction in total reboiler duty can be realized, when compared with the optimal conventional RD scheme. In terms of TAC, the R-DWC scheme is also favored with a TAC that is 15.1% less than that of the RD scheme.

中文摘要
Abstract
誌謝
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
第一章 緒論
1.1前言與動機
1.2論文組織與架構
第二章 文獻回顧
第三章 熱力學與動力學模式
3.1前言
3.2熱力學模式
3.3動力學模式
第四章 混合酸酯化反應系統之設計
4.1傳統反應蒸餾系統設計
4.1.1設計概念
4.1.2流程設計
4.1.3最適化步驟
4.1.4最適化結果
4.1.5溫度分佈與濃度分佈探討
4.1.6甲醇的過量比對混合酸酯化反應之探討
4.2內隔板式反應蒸餾程序
4.2.1概念設計
4.2.2系統流程設計與最適化
4.2.3最適化結果
4.2.4溫度分佈與濃度分佈探討
4.3模擬結果比較
第五章 結論
符號說明
參考文獻
附錄 A 總年成本之估算
附錄 B 2015年化工廠成本指數
附錄 C 設備成本參數值
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