臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

國民中小學學校建築由於數量眾多且具有較寬廣的基地更有學生生態教育的意義，是推廣綠建築設計的最佳對象。但過去我們對學校有關綠建築方面的資料卻極度匱乏，無法估量現有國民中小學學校綠建築水準是否合於現行之綠建築評估標準。因此國民中小學生態環境基礎調查是我國推動綠建築刻不容緩的工作。
為瞭解國民中小學綠化、基地保水、用水及用電之水準，本研究對台灣地區52所國民中小學進行實地調查，並取得台南市35所國小及17所國中之用水、用電資料，經統計分析以掌握現況水準，並尋找影響現況的關鍵因子，藉此作為解析國民中小學學校建築與其他類建築於綠化及基地保水評估基準的差異性的依據，最後提出改善對策以供國民中小學興建之參考。
由調查發現國民小學與國民中學之校地面積與學生人數相關性判定係數R2僅為0.1561及0.0155，顯示目前的國民中小學不會因校地面積大小作為招生數量的依據，導致校園密度懸殊不齊，間接影響到各學校綠化及基地保水之成效，為確保學生在校園內有足夠之活動空間，建議國民中小學綠化及基地保水指標將運動場因素納入考慮。即國民中小學類建築綠化指標計算基地面積需應扣除運動場面積且基準值計算之建蔽率採固定值50％，而基地保水指標基準值採固定值0.5。對於國民中小學用水方面經學生人數、校地面積及游泳池有無等三項變數對用水度數進行複迴歸分析所得國民小學及國民中學相關性判定係數R2為0.638及0.712，顯示學生人數、校地面積及游泳池對學校用水度數有密切之關係。而於國民小學與國民中學用電度數與學生人數及班級數之相關性判定係數R2分別為0.808、0.916及0.798、0.928，顯示學生人數及班級數與學校用電度數有密切之關係，但考慮國民中小學以班級群體活動，而小規模學校每班人數未達每班標準人數，因此以班級數作為推估用電量之變數似乎較為適合。另空調使用頻繁學校或使用中央空調學校之學校用電最高月份與用電最低月份用電度數差達每月平均用電度數之六成以上，顯示空調用電亦是影響國民中小學用電量重要之因子。
最後依影響現況之關鍵因子如：對於綠化水準之綠化面積、植栽種類及生態綠化；對於基地保水水準之透水鋪面比例、人工地盤面花園面積及運動場之貯留設計；對於用水水準之學生人數（學生用水）、校地面積（澆灌用水）及游泳池用水及對於用電水準之班級用電（照明、通風）及減輕空調負荷提出改善對策建議。

Elementary and junior high schools are the best targets for promoting the green building design, seeing that their constructions are legion and school grounds are broad enough for student ecological education. However, data regarding school green building in the past was scant to make it unable to evaluate if the green building levels at current elementary and junior high schools comply with the standards of modern green building. Therefore, it is an important task to do the basic ecological environment surveys on those elementary and junior high schools for the propagation of green building in Taiwan.
To understand greening work, the ground water-holding capacity, water consumption and electricity consumption at elementary and junior high schools, the study carried out a hands-on research on 52 elementary and junior high schools in Taiwan, and the utilizing water and electricity consumption data obtained from 35 elementary schools and 17 junior schools in Tainan City for analyzing current consumption levels and critical factors, which greatly influence current conditions. The study applies those critical factors as bases for analyzing the evaluation differences of greening and the ground water-holding capacity between elementary and junior high schools and other kinds of constructions, and proposes follow-up antidotes as the references to future construction works of elementary and junior high schools.
The results of our survey show that correlative coefficients of determination R2 of the area of school ground and the number of students of elementary/junior high schools are 0.1561 and 0.0155, respectively. It illustrates that general elementary and junior high schools do not enroll students based on their school ground sizes to lead to disparity in student densities among those schools and further affect the effect of greening work and the ground water-holding capacity of each school. To assure that those schools provide with sufficient playgrounds for student activities, the study suggests that the playground factor of a elementary or a junior high school should be considered as an calculation indicator for its greening work and the ground water-holding capacity. That is, the building greening indicator of a elementary or a junior high school should be calculated using the area of the school ground to deduct the area of playground; the standard value of the building coverage rate to be a fixed 50%; the standard value of the ground water-holding capacity to be a fixed 0.5. The study, in the aspect of water consumption of elementary and junior high schools, utilizes three variables, which are the number of students, the area of school ground and the possession of swimming pool, for carrying out multiple-regression analysis on the number of consumed water units and coming out correlative coefficients of determination R2 of elementary schools and the junior high schools are 0.638 and 0.712, respectively; the results show that there is a close relationship among the number of students, the area of school ground and the possession of swimming pool to the number of consumed water units. As for the aspect of electricity consumption of elementary and junior high schools, the study comes out correlative coefficients of determination R2 of the number of consumed electricity units and the number of students at elementary schools and at junior high schools are 0.808 and 0.916, respectively; whereas correlative coefficients of determination R2 of the number of consumed electricity units and the number of classes at elementary schools and at junior high schools are 0.798 and 0.928, respectively. The results show that there is a close relationship between the number of students and the number of classes to the number of consumed electricity units. However, considering that activities at both elementary schools and the junior high schools are carried out with team play and small-scale schools usually fail to reach the standard number of students in each class, it is appropriate for applying the number of classes to be the indicator for estimating the variable of electricity consumption. In addition, the gaps between the highest and lowest consumed electricity units of each month reach to 60% and above on average among those schools with considerable frequency of using air-conditioning or with high utilization of central air-conditioners, it means that air-condition consumption is also one of the critical factors to influence electricity consumption at elementary and junior high schools.
At last, the study proposes suggestions and antidotes for those critical factors, which have impacts on current condition, including the greening levels of the greening area, the kinds of growing plants and ecological forestation; the levels of the ground water-holding capacity of the permeating plane ratio, the garden area of the artificial land and the storage design of play ground; the water consumption levels of the number of students(water consumed by students), the area of the school ground (irrigative water) and swimming pool consumption; and the class electricity consumption levels(lighting and ventilation) and the electricity load decrease in air-conditioning.

第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究目的 2
1-3 文獻回顧 2
(1)國民中小學學校建築現況相關文獻 2
(2)綠化相關文獻 3
(3)基地保水相關文獻 4
1-4 研究流程 5
第二章 研究方法 6
2-1 研究範圍 6
2-1-1 研究對象 6
2-1-2 調查項目 6
2-2 抽樣方法 8
2-2-1樣本一抽樣方法及個數 9
2-2-2樣本二抽樣方法及個數 9
2-3 抽樣樣本與母體差異之解析 10
2-4 調查方法 11
第三章 調查成果 12
3-1 校園現況基本資料 12
3-1-1規模現況 12
3-1-2密度現況 19
3-1-3校地分配比例現況 23
3-2 綠化現況 24
3-2-1綠化規模現況 25
3-2-2平面綠化密度現況 27
3-2-3各類植栽面積比例現況 28
3-2-4綠化指標合格率現況 29
3-2-5喬木、灌木種類現況 30
3-3 基地保水現況 31
3-3-1基地保水規模現況 31
3-3-2基地保水密度現況 33
3-3-3不透水鋪面與透水鋪面比例現況 34
3-3-4戶外停車場不透水與透水比例現況 35
3-2-5基地保水指標合格率現況 36
3-4 用水現況 37
3-4-1用水規模現況 37
3-4-2用水密度現況 38
3-4-3每月用水現況 39
3-4-4用水器具現況 40
3-5 用電現況 40
3-5-1用電規模現況 40
3-5-2用電密度現況 41
3-5-3每月用電現況 42
第四章 調查成果解析 44
4-1 綠化能力解析 44
4-1-1 依學校規模解析 44
4-1-2 依學校密度解析 47
4-1-3 依植栽種類解析 49
4-1-4 國民中小學綠化指標適用性檢討及建議 50
4-2 基地保水能力解析 53
4-2-1 依學校規模解析 53
4-2-2 依學校密度解析 56
4-2-3 依地表及鋪面現況解析 58
4-2-4 國民中小學基地保水指標適用性檢討及建議 59
4-3 用水解析 63
4-3-1 單迴歸分析 63
4-3-2 複迴歸分析 64
4-4 用電解析 66
4-4-1 相關性分析 66
4-4-2 用電結構解析 68
4-5 小結 69
第五章 改善對策之建議 71
5-1綠化指標對策建議 71
5-2基地保水指標對策建議 75
5-3省水對策建議 77
5-4省電對策建議 79
第六章 結 論 85
參考文獻 87
附錄一 89

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