臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

世界各國的公用電力事業，正面臨著電力系統管制放寬的潮流衝擊。我國也為提昇國家整體競爭力，正積極地著手修正電業相關法規、電廠民營化、鼓勵投資汽電共生電廠等，以朝電業自由化之方向邁進。
本論文主要目的是針對電力自由競爭市場架構中的獨立系統操作者(ISO)、電力交易所(PX)及排程協調者(SCs)，探討結合其電力交易決標與調度的最佳化問題，提供將來法規制訂之參考，以避免與電力技術方面的衝突。
本論文提出最佳決標的問題，以整體市場最大利潤為裁決原則且考慮其限制式。接著就競標下之最佳調度的問題，以最小競標成本或最小變動量為調度原則，並考慮其限制式。然後，將決標與調度問題結合為一個新的最佳化問題，其目標函數及限制式之考量則包含前兩個問題所考量的因素。其動機主要來自於目前現有傳輸線流量皆已接近其傳輸極限，一般在競標時並未考量傳輸線容量限制，因此在進行調度時容易造成傳輸線壅塞的情形，而必須經由壅塞管理程序進行交易量的重新分配。
文中針對IEEE 14-bus系統，進行探討結合決標與調度的可行性、傳輸線近似模型與未簡化模型的差異及可行性、限制各供電商之競標量上限時對調度所造成的影響、以競價決標結果為基礎的最佳調度問題並比較不同目標函數所造成的影響及是否允許供電方可在同一交易時段同時買賣電力等問題。

Utilities around the world are confronted with the impact of a deregulation trend in the electric power industry. To make our country more grandly competitive, the government is aggressively working toward the liberalization of electric power industry, such as privatizing the power generation plants, encouraging the investment of co-generation plants, and revising the related regulation rules and laws for the new competitive power marketplace.
The main object of this thesis is to investigate the optimal bid-commitment-dispatch problem under the framework of Independent System Operator (ISO), Power Exchange (PX), and Scheduling Coordinators (SCs) for a new competitive power market. The research provides the related lawmakers with important information from the electric power technical views so as to avoid possible conflicts.
In the thesis, we first propose an optimal bid commitment problem that maximizes the overall power market’s benefit and considering its constraints. Secondly, under a bidding/offering system, we propose a new optimal dispatch problem that minimizes the total generation cost or variation and considering its constraints. In addition, we combine the two preceding problems into a new optimal bid-commitment-dispatch problem. The problem is subject to the objective function and the constraints considered in both problems. The motivation comes from the fact that the present real-power line flows are approaching their transmission limitation for many transmission lines. There is a very high chance to have a congested condition when the transmission capacities are not considered during the bid commitment process. It thus may need a re-allocation of the deal amounts via a congestion management procedure.
In the thesis, the IEEE 14-bus system is used to investigate the feasibility of combined optimal bid-commitment-dispatch, compare the differences between approximate and realistic transmission line models, investigate the impacts for limiting the upper bound of bidding/offering generation amounts, study the impacts of different objective functions, and discuss the possibility of allowing power providers to buy and sell power at the same trading period.

目 錄
摘要 ………………………………………………………………………… I
Abstract ………………………………………………………………… III
目 錄 ……………………………………………………………………… V
圖 目 錄 ………………………………………………………………… VIII
表 目 錄 ………………………………………………………………… IX
第一章 緒論 ……………………………………………………………… 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 ……………………………………………………… 1
1-2 研究步驟 ……………………………………………………………… 2
1-3 相關文獻回顧 ………………………………………………………… 3
1-4 研究貢獻 ……………………………………………………………… 3
1-5 論文架構 ……………………………………………………………… 4
第二章 世界各國電力市場介紹 …………………………………………… 6
2-1 各國電力事業之發展 ………………………………………………… 6
2-2 各國電業環境之比較 ………………………………………………… 7
2-3 我國電業自由化之具體措施 ………………………………………… 9
2-4 電力市場架構 ……………………………………………………… 12
第三章 問題描述與數學模式 …………………………………………… 15
3-1 最佳決標問題 ……………………………………………………… 15
3-2 最佳調度問題 ……………………………………………………… 17
3-2-1 傳輸線模型與實功率損耗表示式 ……………………………… 19
3-2-1-1 模型一(近似值表示) ………………………………………… 20
3-2-1-2 模型二(實際值表示) ………………………………………… 21
3-2-2 具串聯補償器之傳輸線 ………………………………………… 21
3-2-3 具相移位器之傳輸線 …………………………………………… 23
3-3 最佳決標-調度問題 ………………………………………………… 24
第四章 系統模擬簡述 …………………………………………………… 26
4-1 模擬系統基本參數 ………………………………………………… 27
4-2 系統模擬之假設 …………………………………………………… 28
4-3 模擬分析案例之描述 ……………………………………………… 31
4-3-1 案例A類(發電端不得提出委買購電) …………………………… 32
4-3-2 案例B類(發電端可以提出委買購電) …………………………… 35
第五章 模擬結果分析 …………………………………………………… 40
5-1 情況一﹕負載下限上升或下降,但負載上限不變 ………………… 40
5-1-1 最佳決標-調度問題 ……………………………………………… 45
5-2 情況二﹕負載下限與負載上限同升同降 ………………………… 49
5-2-1 最佳決標-調度問題 ……………………………………………… 53
5-3 情況三﹕負載下限上升或下降,但負載上限不變,且以發電量上限90%進行決標 ………………………………………………………………… 57
5-4 情況四﹕負載下限與負載上限 同升同降,且以發電量上限90%進行決標 ………………………………………………………………………… 59
5-5 情況五﹕負載下限上升或下降,但負載上限不變(發電量最小變動) ……………………………………………………………………………… 61
5-6 情況六﹕負載下限與負載上限同升同降(發電量最小變動) …… 63
5-7 情況七: 負載下限上升或下降(發電量上限90%進行決標,發電量最小變動) …………………………………………………………………… 65
5-8 情況八： 負載下限與負載上限同升同降(發電量上限90%進行決標,發電量最小變動) …………………………………………………………… 67
5-9 其他之模擬結果 …………………………………………………… 69
5-9-1 兩種模型之模擬時間比較 ……………………………………… 69
5-9-2 具串聯補償器之模擬結果 ……………………………………… 73
5-9-3 具相移位器之模擬結果 ………………………………………… 74
5-9-4 改變賣給發電者之電價 ………………………………………… 76
5-10 結果分析與討論 ………………………………………………… 79
第六章 結論和未來研究方向 …………………………………………… 87
參考文獻 ………………………………………………………………… 89
附錄 A …………………………………………………………………… 92
附錄 B …………………………………………………………………… 118
附錄 C …………………………………………………………………… 130
附錄 D …………………………………………………………………… 136
附錄 E …………………………………………………………………… 142
附錄 F …………………………………………………………………… 146
附錄 G …………………………………………………………………… 150
附錄 H …………………………………………………………………… 154

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