臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一個應用於 鋰離子電池充電器 (1.52V~7.5V) 的高效能具有省電模式之脈波寬度調變控制器，其系統電路架構，主要是依據鋰電池保護電路功能，對其做為系統控制時之電路設計規範。

本論文所提出之脈波寬度調變控制器，具有自動偵測負載電壓、電流 以及 短路的功能，並且可依照負載上的電壓、電流量自動判斷系統，是操作在一般正常工作模式 或者是 進入待機的省電模式狀態，可以有效降低系統的功率損耗，來達到省電的目的。而此控制器在設計時也加入了許多保護電路 與 判斷電路，例如: (1) 過電壓 (OVP) 、低電壓 (UVP) 保護電路，(2) 過電流(OCP)、低電流 (UCP) 保護電路，(3) 短路 (SCP)、過載 (OPP) 保護電路，(4) 過溫度保護電路 (OTP)，(5) 重載、輕載 判斷電路 ..等，可以有效的監控輸出負載側，以防止電源充電時對電池造成損害。

而本論文所提出之電路設計方法，皆使用 TSMC 0.35μm 2P4M 3.3V CMOS 製程技術來進行設計，其 脈波寬度調變控制器設計規格如下： 操作電壓 3.3V、操作頻率 0.98MHz、輸出電壓範圍 2.72V ～3V、輸出電流範圍 454mA～500mA、輸出轉換效能 74.8%～91%、節省效能(省電模式) 25%、操作溫度範圍 -20℃～114℃。

A high performance green-mode pulse width modulation (PWM) controller for the application of lithium-ion battery charger (1.52V~7.5V) is worked in this thesis. The system circuit architecture mainly bases on the lithium battery protection circuit function and does for the system control circuit design standard.

In this work, the pulse width modulation (PWM) controller, will be with the automatic load voltage, the current as well as the short circuit functions detection, may defer to the load voltage, amperage, and judges the system operated in the work mode or in the standby mode. Therefore, it reduces system's power loss effectively and achieves the saving power goal. In the design same time, many protection circuits and the judgment circuits
such as: (1) Over Voltage Protection (OVP) and Under Voltage Protection (UVP), (2) Over Current Protection (OCP) and Under Current Protection (UCP), (3) Short Circuit Protection (SCP) and Over Power Protection (OPP), (4) Over Temperature Protection (OTP), (5) Heavily Load Determination and Lightly Load Determination are included. Then, it has the characteristics of an effective monitoring the output load side and the power source harm prevention as the battery charging.

This green-mode pulse width modulation (PWM) controller is designed with the TSMC 0.35um 2P4M 3.3V CMOS technology. The operation voltage is 3.3V, the operation frequency is 0.98MHz, and the output current range is from 454mA to 500mA. Meanwhile, the output converter efficiency range is from 74.8% to 91%, the green-mode raise efficiency is 25%, and the operation temperature range is suitable for -20℃~ 114℃.

摘 要 I
Abstract III
目 錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XIV

第一章 緒論

1.1 研究背景

1.2 研究動機

1.3 論文架構

第二章 脈波寬度調變 (PWM) 控制器介紹

2.1 簡介

2.1.1 脈波跳動調變 (PSM)

2.1.2 脈波頻率調變 (PFM)

2.1.3 脈波寬度調變 (PWM)

2.2 脈波寬度調變 (PWM) 控制器分類

2.2.1 電壓控制模式 (Voltage Control Mode)

2.2.2 電流控制模式 (Current Control Mode)

第三章 具有省電模式之 PWM 控制器–子電路設計

3.1 系統架構 與 規格 說明

3.1.1 系統架構 說明

3.1.2 系統規格 說明

3.2 差值放大器電路 (Error Amplifier)

3.3 帶差參考電壓電路 (Bandgap Reference)

3.4 電壓比較器電路 (Voltage Comparator)

3.4.1 預放大級電路 (Pre-amplification)



3.4.2 正回授判斷電路 (Positive Feedback Decision)

3.4.3 輸出緩衝級電路 (Output Buffer)

3.5 電壓控制震盪器電路 (Voltage-controlled OSC)

3.5.1 電流鏡電路 (Current Mirror)

3.5.2 樞密特觸發電路 (Schmitt Trigger)

第四章 具有省電模式之 PWM 控制器–系統電路設計

4.1 電流限制保護電路 (Current Limit Protection)

4.1.1 過電流保護電路 (Over Current Protection)

4.1.2 低電流保護電路 (Under Current Protection)

4.2 電壓限制保護電路 (Voltage Limit Protection)

4.2.1 低電壓保護電路 (Under Voltage Protection)

4.2.2 過電壓保護電路 (Over Voltage Protection)

4.2.3 電壓、電流限制保護電路設計規格模擬

4.3 重、輕載判斷電路 (Load Determination Circuit)

4.4 過溫度保護電路 (Over Temperature Protection)

4.4.1 「BGR型」過溫度保護電路

4.4.2 「MOS電阻型」過溫度保護電路

4.4.3 「改良式MOS電阻型」過溫度保護電路

4.5 可適性緩啟動電路 (Dead-Time and Soft-Start Circuit)

4.6 控制電路 (Control Circuit)

4.7 驅動電路 (Output Stage)

4.7.1 Push-Pull 輸出應用形態

4.7.2 Single-Ended 輸出應用形態

第五章 系統電路 模擬 與 佈局

5.1 完整系統架構 與 規格

5.2 系統規格模擬

5.2.1 Push-Pull 輸出應用形態

5.2.2 Single-Ended 輸出應用形態

5.3 系統電路佈局


第六章 結論 與 未來研究方向

6.1 結論

6.2 未來研究方向

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