臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

斑竹狗鮫（Chiloscyllium plagiosum）是台灣北部海域重要的小型鯊魚，在此海域底棲生態系中扮演重要的角色，但有關其攝食生態的相關研究仍然缺乏。因此，本研究針對台灣北部海域之斑竹狗鮫進行食性研究。本研究自2013年10月起至2015年3月於新北市富基漁港進行樣本採集，所得樣本總計327尾（雌魚126尾、雄魚201尾），其中207尾為非空胃樣本，空胃率為36.7%。本研究透過傳統種類辨識方法將斑竹狗鮫胃內容物分成14類，其中以尋常海綿綱（Demospongidae）所佔的比例最高，餌料生物相對重要性指數（%IRI）為40.69%，其次為不知名餌料（Unidentified prey）佔21.54%，多毛綱（Polychaeta）居第三位18.10%，其餘有長尾下目（Macrua）佔10.56%，硬骨魚綱（Osteichthyes）佔5.88%，頭足綱（Cephalopoda）佔1.7%，無刺綱（Anopla）佔0.56%，歐努菲蟲科（Onuphidae）佔0.54%，磯沙蠶科（Eunicidae）佔0.19%，腹足綱（Gastropoda）佔0.12%，短尾下目（Brachyura）佔0.09%，耳棘老板鯆（Okamejei acutispina）佔0.02%，異尾下目（Anomura）佔0.01%，真紅藻綱（Florideophyceae）佔0.004%。研究結果顯示斑竹狗鮫隨著個體成長而改變攝食對象，未成熟個體攝食較多甲殼類，而成熟個體攝食較多硬骨魚類。在春季以不知名餌料生物和多毛類為主要攝食對象；夏季主要攝食多毛綱；而秋季攝食較多的海綿；冬季時以海綿和不知名餌料生物為主食，而且甲殼類的攝食比例明顯增加。此現象顯示本種在不同季節會以不同的餌料生物為食，但整體來說皆以海綿為主要餌料生物。本研究發現成熟雌性在交配及產卵期前攝食比例有增加的現象，捕食的對象包含頭足類、硬骨魚類、海綿、多毛類等營養位階較高或容易捕食的餌料生物，此現象可能與交配及產卵時需要能量來維持體力有相關性。

The whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) is a dominant small shark species in the northern waters of Taiwan and it plays an important role in the benthic ecosystem in this region. However, the feeding ecology of this species is still limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the feeding habits of whitespotted bamboo shark in the northern Taiwan waters, based on 327 specimens (126 females, 201 males) collected at Fu-Chi fish market in New Taipei city from October 2013 to March 2015. Of the specimens, 120 stomachs were empty and the stomach empty rate was 36.7 %. A total of 14 prey taxa were identified, including the Demospongidae (% IRI=40.69%), followed by Unidentified prey (21.54%), Polychaeta (18.10%), Macrua (10.56%), Osteichthyes (5.88%), Cephalopoda (1.7%), Anopla (0.56%), Onuphidae (0.54%), Eunicidae (0.19%), Gastropoda (0.12%), Brachyura (0.09%), Okamejei acutispina (0.02%), Anomura (0.01%), and Florideophyceae (0.004%). The intraspecies diet composition may vary due to many factors, including different life stages, sex, seasons, and fishing gears. In this study, ontogenetic change for whitespotted bamboo shark was found. Immature individuals feed more on crustaceans, while mature individuals prefer teleost fishes. Mature females were more active in feeding before mating and spawning period, they fed on cephalopods, teleost, sponges, and polychaetes, this behavior may help whitespotted bamboo shark save energy for reproduction. There was no significant difference on prey composition by fishing gears and seasons, but the major prey item varied by season. In the spring, unidentified prey and polychaete were the main prey item; in the summer, the polychaetes was the dominated prey item; in the fall, sponge and a small amount of teleost were found; in the winter whitespotted bamboo sharks mainly fed on sponges and unidentified prey, but the proportion of crustaceans increased. In sum, whitespotted bamboo sharks mainly feed on benthic prey species, but the diet of this shark varied by mature stages, sex, habitat, and seasons.

摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
目次 Ⅲ
圖目次 Ⅴ
表目次 Ⅵ
第一章、前言 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2分類地位與形態特徵 2
1-3 文獻回顧 3
1-4研究目的 4
第二章、材料與方法 5
2-1 生物學資料蒐集 5
（1）樣本採集及胃內容物處理與觀察 5
（2）餌料生物的處理及分類 5
2-2 影響食性之因子 6
（1）內在影響因子 6
（2）外在影響因子 6
（2）定性分析 6
（3）餌料生物歧異度 7
（5）攝食重疊度 8
（6）多變量分析 8
第三章、結果 10
3-1 樣本採集 10
3-2 餌料生物種類組成 10
（1）斑竹狗鮫胃內容物組成 10
（2）不同漁法捕獲之斑竹狗鮫胃內容物組成 10
（3）不同成熟階段之胃內容物組成 11
（4）不同性別之胃內容物組成 12
（5）在不同季節的胃內容物組成 12
3-3 餌料生物多樣程度、寬度及重疊情形 14
（1）餌料生物多樣性 14
（2）攝食寬度 14
（3）餌料生物重疊情形 14
（4）餌料生物種類組成的變化 15
3-4 多變因比較 15
（1）不同性別及成熟階段之胃內容物組成 16
（2）不同性別及成熟階段之攝食寬度及餌料生物重疊情形 17
第四章 討論 19
4-1 外在影響因子 19
（1）漁法 19
（2）季節 19
4-2 內在影響因子影響竹狗鮫之攝食組成 21
（1）發育階段 21
（2）性別 23
4-3 結論 23
參考文獻 25
附錄 67

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