臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究的目的是希望藉由數值模擬及田口方法，研究平行加熱銲接之各參數對於熱應力及殘留應力之影響，以期得到最佳製程參數。實驗材料為AISI 304不銹鋼板，銲接方法採用電漿銲接，以不同的電流與電壓、銲槍走速、加熱器間距、加熱器位置及加熱器熱源大小，以電腦模擬各參數下的平行加熱銲接法製程，並配合部份實驗驗證電腦模擬結果，使用的有限元素模擬軟體為MARC，利用熱－力耦合方式，同時求得溫度與熱應力；實驗部份採用動態溫度量測系統量測各接參數之熱循環曲線，以印證銲接溫度場，殘留應力以ASTM標準E837的鑽孔應變計法來量測殘留應力。得到最佳水準組合為銲槍走速1.5mm/s、銲接電流100A、火焰熱通量1300W、火焰間距70mm、火焰位置在銲槍前方45mm，縱向殘留應力的改善率為23.63﹪，經由實驗驗證改善率為22﹪；另外，平行加熱銲接對於縱向應力的拉伸應力或壓縮應力均有減小的趨勢，且拉應力區域有增大，最大壓應力有往外擴展的趨勢。

This study aimed at investigating of the effect of parallel heat torch addition during the welding process on the thermal stress and the residual stress with the numerical simulation and Taguchi method. In experiment, the plasma arc welding was used for weld types AISI 304 stainless steel plate. In numerical simulation, the parallel heat welding was used for the different welding current, welding speed, the distance of heat torch, the distance from welding torch and heat torch generation. And its result was verified by some experiments. A finite element software was MARC and analytic model was thermo- mechanic couple. During welding, the thermal cycle of different locations in the weldment were recorded and the residual stresses were determined by using the hole-drilling strain-gage method of ASTM standard E837. The result of optimum level composition was 1.5mm/s welding speed, 100A welding current, 1300W heat torch generation, 70mm interval distance of the parallel heat torch and heat torch was 45mm front from welding torch. The longitudinal residual stress improvement ratio is 23.63% with Taguchi method by numerical simulation, and 22% with confirmed experiment in parallel heat welding. The results of numerical simulation showed that the longitudinal tension and compression stress would decrease. The tension stress region would extend and the maximum compression stress would shift toward the edge of the weldment.

目　次
摘要……………………………………………………………….I
目次…………………………………………………………….III
圖次……………………………………………………..……..VI
表次…………………………………………………..………VIII
頁次
第一章　緒　論…………………………………………………1
1.1研究背景與動機…………………………….....……………1
1.2研究問題與研究假定……………………………………….2
1.3名詞解釋……………………………………………………..3
第二章　理論分析與文獻探討………………………………6
2.1平行加熱銲接法.........................................................6
2.2銲接殘留應力............................................................9
2.3有限元素法銲接模擬................................................13
2.4溫度場改變對銲接殘留應力之影響...........................15
第三章　研究方法.........................................................16
3.1研究流程..................................................................16
3.2平行加熱銲接實驗....................................................17
3.3有限元素數值模擬....................................................19
3.3.1尺寸及材料............................................................19
3.3.2平行加熱銲接........................................................19
3.3.3邊界條件...............................................................20
3.4殘留應力量測...........................................................27
3.5田口品質工程實驗....................................................30
3.5.1目標函數...............................................................31
3.5.2因子水準的建立.....................................................31
3.5.3直交表與S/N比.....................................................31
3.5.4回應表...................................................................33
3.5.5變異數分析............................................................34
第四章　結果與討論.....................................................39
4.1數值模擬與銲接實驗之比較......................................39
4.1.1熱循環曲線之比較.................................................39
4.1.2殘留應力之比較.....................................................39
4.2數值模擬與平行加熱銲接實驗之比較........................44
4.2.1熱循環曲線之比較.................................................44
4.2.2殘留應力之比較.....................................................45
4.3田口品質工程實驗....................................................49
4.3.1改善率與S/N比.....................................................49
4.3.2回應表與回應圖.....................................................49
4.3.3變異數分析............................................................51
4.3.4預測最佳水準........................................................52
4.4最佳水準組合...........................................................57
4.4.1實驗驗證...............................................................57
4.4.2模擬驗證...............................................................57
4.4.3熱應力之檢討......................................57
4.4.4殘留應力之檢討......................................58
第五章　結論與未來研究..............................................79
5.1結論.........................................................................79
5.2未來研究..................................................................80
參考文獻.............................………...……...……..………81

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