臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

色彩轉換係指藉由參考一張目標影像之顏色，改變原先的來源影像內容之顏色。早期的色彩轉換演算法主要是靠使用者以手動來調整。近期則使用者僅需輸入原始、目標影像即可進行色彩轉換。然而，此法需要使用者在遂行色彩轉換前具備一張合是的目標影像，才能產生成功的色彩轉換結果。這種嘗試錯誤的作法屬於高勞力性處理，使得色彩轉換無從預估其成功的時間。有鑑於此，我們提出兩個演算法「有效的色彩轉換演算法」與「可還原的色彩轉換演算法」來謀求改進之道。
我們提出的第一個演算法為「有效的色彩轉換演算法」，主要以模糊分類技巧(Fuzzy Classification Techniques)來輔助色彩轉換，並搭配後端的影像資料庫及影像搜尋的技巧，來達成有效且即時的色彩轉換。我們發展一套完整的植基於網際網路的色彩轉換系統(WEBCT)之系統，並使用1280張影像資料庫進行測試。實際測試與分析顯示：系統可在3秒鐘內成功的選出5張候選影像，也可在40秒內做完單張來源影像(512x512)的色彩轉換處理，產生視覺效果優異的結果影像。這個演算法可以有效的減少使用者嘗試錯誤的時間，也有效增進了色彩轉換的成功率及多樣性。
我們所提的第二個演算法為「可還原的色彩轉換演算法」，主要運用資訊隱藏(Steganography)的技術，將來源影像及目標影像在l 色彩空間之平均值(Mean)與標準差(Standard Deviation)等12個浮點數值嵌入結果影像中。其後，使用者僅需再配合色彩還原算式，即可成功的達成可還原的色彩轉換。透過這個可還原的色彩轉換演算法，經過色彩轉換後之結果影像(Resultant Image)，可直接還原成來源影像(Source Image)之色彩分佈。此演算法不僅可以簡省儲存空間，亦可以隨時的還原產生來源影像，並進行多次、具不同視覺效果的色彩轉移。
總結本研究，我們所提出的兩個色彩轉換演算法，涵蓋理論、技術、實現層面，經測試顯示能產生視覺效果優異的結果，對色彩轉換提出實質貢獻。

A color transfer algorithm changes colors of the source image by referring to the color of the target image. Previous color transfer algorithms suffered from intensive and laborious works to select an appropriate source image to make the resultant image with plausible visual appearance. This paper presents two color transfer algorithms to make color transfer more efficient and versatile.
The first algorithm we present is an efficient color transfer algorithm. In this algorithm, we propose a fuzzy classification technique to achieve the efficiency in color transfer. This technique automatically calculates the total fuzzy values, given a source image. Then, M candidate target images are then selected which contain the largest M fuzzy values from an image database with L images. Given these candidate target images, a user can then perform a color transfer process as desired, generating N number of resultant images ( ). Each resultant image thus generated is guaranteed to demonstrate satisfactory color transfer effects with visually plausible image appearance. Given a source image, our system can efficiently produce 5 candidate target images (M=5) from an image bank with 1280 images (L=1280) within 3 seconds. In addition, our system can perform the color transfer computing and produce a resultant image (512x512) within 40 seconds. The proposed algorithm is feasible to produce a great diversity of resultant images with satisfactory qualities.
The second algorithm we present is a reversible color transfer algorithm. In this algorithm, we propose a Steganography technique to embed 12 floating point values, representing as 468 bits, into the resultant images when performing the color transfer. These values include the means and variances of the source and target images in the l color space. We also utilize a spread spectrum technique so that more than one copy of the information is embedded into the resultant image. This technique ensures that the source and target image can be retrieved from the resultant image with a negligible visual appearance. The proposed algorithm has a benefit in saving the memory space by storing the resultant image. Also, the users can perform color transfer as many times as they desired, producing versatile and plausible visual image by using a single color transferred image together with an image database.
In conclusion, we present two color transfer algorithms in this thesis. These algorithms are feasible to produce a great diversity of versatile color transfer images with satisfactory qualities.

致謝 ..…………………………………………………………………….……………i
摘要 …………………………………………………………………………..………ii
Abstract……………………………………………………………….………………iii
目錄 ……………………………………………………………….………………iv
圖目錄 ………………………………………………………………….…………vii
表目錄 ………………………………………………………………….……………x



第一章 緒論

1.1 研究動機 ……….……………………………………….…………………1
1.2 研究目標 ..……..……..……………………………………………………2
1.3 論文大綱 …………………………………………………………………..3


第二章 相關研究

2.1 色彩轉換相關研究…………………………………………………………5
2.2 可還原的色彩轉換相關研究……..……………………………..………..7
2.3 網基平台(Web-based)相關研究……..…………………………..……..10


第三章　有效的色彩轉換演算法

3.1 有效的色彩轉換演算法 ..….…………………………………………….14
3.1.1色彩轉換演算法(Color Transfer Algorithm) .……………….….…..14
3.1.2模糊分類技巧(A Fuzzy Classification Technique) …………….…..16
3.2 植基於網際網路的色彩轉換系統之設計與實現………….…………… 18
3.3 實驗結果與分析…………………………………………..…………….. 22
3.4 有效的色彩轉換演算法小結論……………………………………….. 32


第四章 可還原的色彩轉換演算法

4.1 可還原的色彩轉換演算法………………………………………………33
4.1.1　藏入資訊之編碼……………………………………………….. 34
4.1.2　資訊隱藏流程……………………………………………………..36
4.1.3　位元取出策略…………………………………………………..39
4.1.4　色彩還原算式…………………………………………………..39
4.2 實驗結果與分析 …………………………………………………………40
4.2 可還原的色彩轉換演算法之小結論 ……………………………………49


第五章　結論及未來工作

5.1 結論 ………………………………………………………………………50
5.2 未來工作……………………………….………………………………….51



參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………………53

中英對照表…………………………………………………………………………..54

英中對照表…….…………………………………………………………………….57

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