測量液態NMR相關核的弛緩技巧已被廣泛使用使用此技巧可偵測N -14的四 極偶合常數(QCC)再利用此常數的變化來探討一系列O rganonitrile Compounds的鍵結情形。本研究也 從理論計算的方法算出相關NitrileCompounds中氮原子 附近的電場梯度,進而算出N-14的四極偶合常數 藉 由四極偶合常 數的變化來比較液態與氣態分子間堆積的差異性。 對於Ethyln itrile中的氫原子逐漸被氯原子取代,其偶合常數的變化可以用超 共軛(Hyper conjugation)及誘導效應(Induc tive Effect)兩者來解 釋,從Table9可知超共軛的 貢獻大於誘導效應;當甲基逐漸取代時,根據超共軛的 解釋其偶合常數 要愈來愈大,實驗結果卻非如此這是因為當甲基逐漸取代氫時結合效應 較大。換句話說較容易形成下面結構 ﹛@R-CN CN-R 因而造成氮原子四極偶合常數變小。此現象暗示偶合常數 在 液態時會因為分子間的堆積方式不同,導致其值的改變然而,對於單鹵素 取代的Et hylnitrile中由實驗的結果可知誘導效應扮演著 重要角色,至於Benzo nitrile與Ethylbenzon itrile的pi電子移動方向恰好相反 從上述的討論中可知偶合 常數會受到取代基sigma鍵及pi鍵的影響 To using NMR relaxation techniq ues measured N-14 quadrupole cou pling constants(QCC) in several series of organicnitriles have b een performed in order to probe the bonding in formation In ord er to test the capability of the oretical calculations in acquir ing this quatity we have also co mputed electric field gradients in vicinity of the nitrogen atom s for all compounds of suitable sizes under this study For chlo rine-substituted acetonitriles v ariations may be explained by bo th hyperconjugation and inductiv e effects which can well explain experimental magnitudes of QCCs In the methyl-substituted nitr iles variations of coupling cons tants can be understood based on hyperconjugation and associatio n effects proposed in literature This indicates that QCCs in co ndensed phases might be differen t from gaseous phase due to diff erent intermolecular interaction patterns. The inductive effec ts however play the dominated ro le in rationalizing experimental results acquired for mono-halog en substituted acetonitriles The direction of pi-electron migrat ion in benzonitrile andCH2=CHCN are different However effectsof substitution on flow of electro n are identical and mutually in fluencebe interpreted bㄐ@of sigm a and pi-effects
|