臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

氣靜壓軸承的應用範圍十分廣泛，包括工具母機、半導體、平面顯示器等產業，是精密機械核心基礎技術，因此顯得其相當之重要，所以本研究針對多孔質氣靜壓主軸模組的頸軸承與支撐床台之平面軸承進行探討；以計算流力軟體模擬觀察軸承氣膜內之壓力分布，並深入分析氣靜壓軸承各項設計參數，並探討其與軸承之承載能力和剛性特性之相互關係，最後結果以多孔質氣靜壓平面軸承的實驗驗證之。
在多孔質氣靜壓平面軸承方面，藉由實驗與數值模擬結果比較可知，兩者之間的誤差不超過10%，且整體趨勢也相同。而在平面軸承多孔質材料幾何變更之模擬結果顯示，多孔質材料之面積與平面軸承之承載能力成正比關係，且多孔質材料之厚度越薄，則其平面軸承之承載能力越大；而當平面軸承以合理的穩定速度或變動之加減速移動時，並不會對其承載能力有明顯之影響。
至於多孔質氣靜壓軸頸軸承方面，單排多孔質氣靜壓軸頸軸承之模擬結果顯示，在各式多孔質氣靜壓軸頸軸承中，以局部式多孔質氣靜壓軸頸軸承效率較佳；且當主軸轉數提高時，受到動壓效應之影響甚大；而當主軸有偏心時，主軸表面之壓力分布明顯不同於無偏心的壓力分布，同時雙排局部式多孔質氣靜壓軸頸軸承之模擬結果顯示，當柱塞直徑由5 mm增加到10 mm時，雖然10 mm直徑之柱塞供氣面積較大，但主軸表面平均壓力未升反降，且當主軸有偏心率時，雙排局部式多孔質氣靜壓軸頸軸承相較於單排之剛性提升了數倍。

This study investigates the performances of the porous media aerostatic plane and journal bearings via numerical simulation. Based on the finite volume method and the pressure-velocity coupling SIMPLE scheme, this work utilizes the CFD software Fluent to solve the compressible three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations to calculate the pressure of the flow field inside the bearings. The effects of the size of porous medium, the bearing gap, the eccentric ratio, and the rotational speed of the spindle on the characteristics of bearing such as the pressure distribution, the load carrying capacity, and the stiffness are examined.
At first, the reliability of CFD software is validated via a comparison between numerical and experimental result of the porous media aerostatic plane bearing. The computed results of plane bearing reveal that, when the plane bearing gap within specific magnitudes, the percent differences between the numerical and experimental data are less than 10%. The load capacity of the plane bearing varies with the bearing gap in a trend which can be seen both in the numerical and the experimental results. It confirms the validity of the numerical model and the steady state simulation approach used in the porous media aerostatic bearing. Furthermore, from the analyses focus on some design parameters, it is found that reasonable steady velocity or dramatic changes velocity does not influence the load carrying capacity of the bearing; the load capacity will decrease if the thickness of the porous material increases and load capacity is proportional to the area of porous material.
The calculated results of single rank journal bearing show that, when the spindle rotated at high speed, the effect of the dynamic pressure becomes dominant, while the effect of the static pressure become insignificant. Among the three types of journal bearings under investigation, the partially porous aerostatic journal bearing exhibits the highest ratio of output pressure to air volume flow rate. It indicates that, in terms of operational efficiency, the partially porous aerostatic journal bearing is superior to the fully porous aerostatic journal bearing. Furthermore, from the results of the double rank porous aerostatic journal bearing, it is found that the trend of double rank and single rank does not make much difference, except the double rank porous aerostatic journal bearings have larger the rigidity and spindle surface average pressure.

摘要
ABSTRACT
致謝
圖索引
表索引
第一章 緒論
1.1 前言
1.2 文獻回顧
1.2.1 多孔質在氣靜壓平面軸承之應用
1.2.2 多孔質在氣靜壓軸頸軸承之應用
1.3 研究動機與方法
第二章 多孔質氣靜壓軸承設計
2.1 氣靜壓軸平面軸承之動作原理
2.2 氣靜壓軸頸軸承之動作原理
2.3 氣靜壓軸承節流器之型式
2.4 多孔質材料
2.5 多孔質氣靜壓軸承
2.6 多孔質氣靜壓軸承解析解數學模型
2.6.1 多孔質材料內壓力分布之推導
2.6.2 多孔質氣靜壓平面軸承軸承間隙內壓力分布之推導
2.6.3 局部多孔質氣體靜壓軸頸軸承間隙內壓力分布之推導
第三章 數值方法
3.1 統御方程式
3.2 數值計算理論
3.2.1 離散化方式
3.2.2 壓力與速度耦合的處理
3.2.3 數值求解流程
3.3 紊流模式
3.4 壁面函數
3.5 邊界條件
3.6 網格獨立性驗證
第四章 實驗設備
4.1 多孔質材料孔隙率檢測
4.2 流阻實驗
4.3 氣靜壓平面軸承承載性能實驗
第五章 數值模擬與實驗結果
5.1 數值模擬與實驗驗證
5.2 多孔質氣靜壓平面軸承數值模擬
5.3 多孔質氣靜壓軸頸軸承數值模擬
第六章 結論與建議
6.1 結論
6.1.1 多孔質氣靜壓平面軸承數值模擬
6.1.2 多孔質氣靜壓軸頸軸承數值模擬
6.2 建議
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