臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

全球定位系統(Global Positioning System, GPS)已經成為高精度定位測量不可或缺的工具，但在多路徑、信號繞射等不確定因素影響下，會降低定位精度。因此原始觀測量品質良窳為確保定位精度之關鍵，即觀測量品質管制有其重要性。因載波雜訊比與接收儀量測觀測量之精度有關，且最新版之GPS觀測量交換格式(RINEX 2.10)將載波信號強度列為觀測量等兩項因素，使得載波雜訊比成為具有研究價值的對象。
本研究以載波雜訊比作為GPS觀測量品管之指標。並就該項指標與接收儀機型、接收儀天線及衛星仰角高度間之關係作特性分析，進而發展出一種利用載波雜訊比指標對觀測量加以品管的方法，本文稱之為指標模型篩選法。將此項篩選法應用於測站觀測環境不佳之觀測量，對於定位精度提升有顯著成效。以國家基線場短基線向量計算成果為例，平面精度平均提高40%，高程精度平均提約70%。

GPS has been the highly accurate positioning technique through many researchers'' efforts over twenty years, but multipath effect, signal fraction, and other uncertain influences may decline the accuracy of position. The key for maintaining the high accuracy merit of GPS positioning is the quality of GPS raw data, so the quality control procedure is needed. Since the carrier-to-noise ratio of beat phase observation is related to GPS raw data and the new RINEX format of version 2.1 does include the ratio values, the carrier-to-noise ratio is considered as the quality index in this study.
The main goal of this study is to develop an approach for persevering or improving the reliability of GPS positioning when GPS receiver is located in the obstructed environment during the field work. The characteristic analyses of carrier-to-noise ratio for combinations of GPS receivers and antennae were done then index template approach was created for baseline vector quality control. The index template approach is verified with the experiment of national standard baseline field located in Chung Cheng Institute of Technology that does indicate the feasibility of this elaborated approach during this study.

1.緒論
1.1. 研究動機與目的
1.2.文獻回顧論文架構
1.3.研究方法
1.4.論文架構
2.GPS信號載波雜訊比
2.1.GPS衛星信號
2.1.1.信號組成
2.1.2.信號處理
2.2. GPS載波雜訊比
2.2.1.載波雜訊比
2.2.2.影響載波雜訊比之因素
3.基線向量品質管制
3.1.sigma- 法
3.2.sigma- 法
3.3.指標模型篩選法
3.4. 法與指標模型篩選法之比較
4.載波雜訊比特性研究實驗與成果
4.1.不同廠牌型式儀器載波雜訊比之實驗與成果
4.2.同型儀器不同型天線載波雜訊比之實驗與成果
4.3.載波雜訊比與衛星高度之實驗與成果
5.載波雜訊比應用測試實驗與成果
5.1.Ashtech接收儀之測試實驗與成果
5.2.Leica接收儀之測試實驗與成果
6.結論與建議
參考文獻
附錄A 使用TEQC程式獲取載波雜訊比之方法
附錄B 不同儀器間信號強度之比較
附錄C 信號強度與衛星高度之比較
附錄D 連續兩日信號強度與衛星高度之重覆性變化
自傳

1. Tenuissen, P.J.G., "GPS for Geodesy", Springer-Verlag, pp.100-105 (1998).
2. Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., H. Lichtenegger and J. Collins, "Global Positioning System Theory and Practice", Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 326 (1992).
3. Ward, P., "Satellite Signal Acquisition and Tracking", In E. D. Kaplan, (ed) Understanding GPS: Principles and Applications, Artech House, pp. 119-208 (1996).
4. Langley, R., "GPS Receiver Noise", GPS World, vol. 8, No. 6, pp. 40-45 (1997).
5. Hartinger, H. and F. K. Brunner, "Variances of GPS Phase Observations the Sigma-εModel", GPS Solutions, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 35-43 (1999).
6. Tiberius, C., N. Jonkman and F. Kenselaar, "The Stochastics of GPS Observables", GPS World, vol 9, No 2, pp. 49-54 (1999).
7. Rohde, U. L., J. C. Whitaker and , T. T. N. Bucher, "Communications Receivers Principles and Design", McGraw-Hill, pp. 4-10 (1998).
8. Collins, J. P. and R. B. Langley, "Possible Weighting Schemes For GPS Carrier Phase Observation in the Presence of Multipath", http://gauss.gge.unb.ca/papers.pdf/acereport99.pdf (1999).
9. Anderson, K. D., "An Evaluation of Three GPS Receivers for Use in the GPS Sounder", http://www.spawar.navy.mil/sti/publication/pubs/tr/1637/tr1637.pdf (1999).
10. Brunner, F. K., H. Hartinger and L. Troyer, "GPS Signal Diffraction Modelling The Stochastic SIGMA-Δ Model", Journal of Geodesy , vol. 73, pp. 259-267 (1999).
11. Gurtner W., "Rinex The Receiver Independent Exchange Format Version 2.10", http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov:80/igscb/data/format/rinex210.txt (1999).
12. 林修國, 模稜求定與時鐘偏差估計應用於衛星相對定位及姿態求解, 國立中央大學大氣物理研究所博士論文, pp. 30-32 (1997)。
13. Farin, G., "Curves and Surfaces for Computer Aided Geometric Design A Practical Guide", Academic Press Inc., pp. 22-23 (1990).
14. UNAVCO, "Teqc Documentation", http://www.unavco.ucar.edu/software/teqc/faqs.html (1999).
15. Hartinger, H., and F. K. Brunner, "Signal Distortion in High Precision GPS Surveys", Survey Review, vol. 34, pp. 531-541 (1998).
16. 楊自強, 測站之多路徑與假像效應對GPS 載波相位之影響, 國立成功大學測量工程研究所碩士論文 (1993)。
17. Seeber, G., "Satellite Geodesy Foundations, Methods, and Applications", Walter de Gruyter, pp.229-235 (1993).
18. 周忠模、易杰軍, GPS衛星測量原理與應用, 測繪出版社 (1991)。
19. Leick, A., "GPS Satellite Surveying", John Wiley &Sons, pp.78-92 (1995).
20. Spilker, J. J., "GPS Signal Structure and Theoretical Performance", In P. Zarchan (ed) Global Positioning System : Theory and Applications Volume1, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. edition, pp. 57-118 (1994).
21. Shibuya, S., "A Basic Atlas of Radio-Wave Propagation", John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp.427-457 (1987).
22. 陳特生, 通信電學, 大中國圖書公司, pp. 609-640 (1983)。
23. GPS NAVSTAR JPO, "NAVSTAR GPS Space Segment/Navigation User Interfaces,GPS Interface Control Document (ICD-GPS-200)", Revision, (1997).
24. 黃鐘洺, 電波傳播, 聯經出版事業公司, p. 364 (1978)。
25. Ashtech Inc, "Ashtech Z-Surveyor Operation and Reference Manual" Ashtech Inc., pp.66-67 (1997).
26. Leica Geosystems Inc, "GPS Equipment User Manual", Leica Geosystems Inc. (1997).
27. Ashtech Inc, "Ashtech Z-12 GPS Receiver Operating Manual", Ashtech Inc., pp.26 (1994).
28. 李興緯、張嘉強等, 國家標準基線場建立研究計畫期末報告, 度量衡國家標準實驗室八十一年度委託學術合作研 究計畫, 中正理工學院（1992）。
29. 曾清涼、儲慶美, GPS衛星測量原理與應用, 成功大學衛星資訊研究中心（1999）。
30. 蔡明達, GPS監測地層下陷作業模式之研究, 中正理工學院軍事工程研究所碩士論文 (1999)。
31. 陳春盛、葉大綱、李瓊武, 以觀測量不等權法處理GPS觀測資料之研究, 第十八屆測量學術及應用研討會論文集( 一), pp. 119-128 (1999)。
32. Spectra Precision Terrasat GmbH, "Geo Genius User''s Manual", Spectra Precision Terrasat GmbH (1999).