臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文是於光子晶體中製造缺陷來做成全光式元件應用。光子晶體是一種微結構系統，因其介電常數呈週期性變化而具有光子能隙，波長落在此光子能隙中的光子無法通過光子晶體結構，因而可藉由破壞光子晶體的週期性來獲得缺陷，在光子晶體內植入缺陷，形成能循特定路徑引導光傳遞的波導，亦可製造能將光侷限於非常小空間的微共振腔。吾人於本論文中在此週期性結構中藉由晶體缺陷、平面波展開法與有限時域差分法等方法來設計與模擬全光式光子晶體元件結構。首先，吾人利用改變光子晶體共振腔中缺陷的大小可明顯地從結構表面汲取出特定波長，在利用改變缺陷腔的大小來引導特定的波長沿著波導傳遞，因此吾人可利用此結構達到分波多工器的功能。此外，吾人藉由利用干涉儀的相位差之特性，進行量測與控制相位為π/2設計出平頂通帶濾波器，進而實現波長分波多工器之應用。有鑒於奈米技術的提昇，在積體電路上實現光子晶體的元件將是一大突破，因此在超高速與超高容量的光通訊與資訊處理應用中，這些元件將
扮演極重要的關鍵角色。

In this thesis, some all optical devices based on 2D PCs with defects are discussed. Photonic crystals (PCs) are nano-structured materials in which a periodic variation of the dielectric constant of the material results in a photonic band gap. Photons with wavelengths or energies in this band gap cannot travel through the crystal. By introducing defects into PCs, it is possible to build waveguides that can channel light along certain paths. It is also possible to construct micro-cavities that can localize photons in extremely small volumes. In this thesis, we can design and simulate photonic crystal optical devices structure by using crystal defect, plane-wave expansion method and finite-difference time-domain method. Firstly, by properly varying the size of the defect and modulating the size of cavity on the PCs, it could really drop the particular wavelength from the surface and introduced the particular wavelength into the waveguide. We proposed the structures that would function as Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (WDM). Secondly, we utilize the feature of the phase difference in Mach-Zehnder interference structure to measure and control the phase-shifted to π/2 in three point defects waveguide. Therefore, the bandpass filter based on 2-D photonic crystals is proposed, and realize further the function as Coarse-Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (CWDM). Because nano-technology has been making great progress steadily, it surely can be used to demonstrate a practical breakthrough in which the devices based on the PC integrated circuits are realized. These devices will be potential key components in the applications of ultra-high-speed and ultra-high-capacity optical communications and optical data processing systems.

Abstract I
Acknowledgment IV
Contents V
List of Figures VII
List of Tables XI
List of Symbols XII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1. General Reviews of Photonic Crystals 1
1.2 Photonic Crystal Structures 3
1.2.1 Photonic Band Gap (PBG) 3
1.2.2 Defects 4
1.2.3 Photonic Crystal Waveguides 5
1.3 Applications and Motivation of Photonic Crystals 5
1.3. Organizations of the Thesis 9
Chapter 2 Basic Theory and Simulation Method 20
2.1. Introduction 20
2.2 Plane Wave Expansion Method (PWE) 21
2.3 Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (FDTD) 25
Chapter 3 High Efficiency Optical Triplexer Filter based on 2-D Photonic Crystals 32
3.1 Introduction 32
3.2 Structure Analysis 35
3.3 Numerical Results and Discussions 36
3.4 Summary 37
Chapter 4 Coarse-Wavelength-Division-Multiplexing (CWDM) System Based on Phase-Shifted Photonic Crystal Coupled Resonator Optical Waveguide (CROW) 45
4.1. Introduction 45
4.2. Bandpass Filters based on Phase-shifted Photonic Crystal Coupled Resonator Optical Waveguides 46
4.3. Bandpass Filters in Comparison with different photonic crystal structures 49
4.4. A New Approach of Multi-channel Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing with Coupled Resonator Optical Waveguides 52
4.5 Summary 57
Chapter 5 Conclusions 90
5.1. Summary 90
5.2. Suggestions for Future Researches 91
References 92

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