臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

有機發光二極體(OLED)具有反應速度快、色域廣、重量輕、可撓性等特性，被視為下一個世代顯示器與照明裝置。但由於其層狀堆疊的結構，使大部分光線因為全反射而被困在結構中，造成出光效率低落。利用微透鏡陣列薄膜(MLAFs)破壞全反射，增加OLED出光效率是目前常使用的技術之一。
在本論文中，我們分析了圓錐狀微透鏡的底角與高對於出光效率的影響。我們發現當圓錐狀微透鏡的高與其底部半徑相同時，出光效率增益會最好，其中又以底角70°增益最高，為42.16%。我們還根據市面上常見的OLED顯示器規格，加入了black matrix。我們發現加入black matrix後的OLED在貼附微透鏡陣列的效率增益變得不顯著。於是我們在元件內部做微結構，藉由把光線準直減少被black matrix吸收，來提升出光效率增益。
此外，我們在玻璃基板上貼附了半圓球、金字塔、梯形、圓錐的大透鏡(macro-lens)，把基板模態的光最大極限的萃取出來，照明面積比未貼附透鏡大許多。以半圓球大透鏡為例子，效率增益為133.2%，照明面積為未貼附透鏡的32.4倍。貼附不同形狀透鏡後的強度角度分佈也不同，可以根據其分佈特性，應用在不同的照明裝置上。

ABSTRACT
Owing to its fast response time, wide color gamut, light weight and flexible feasibility, organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is considered as the next generation display and lighting devices. However, due to its multi-layered structures and total internal reflection, most of the lights are confined within the OLED structure, limiting the out-coupling efficiency. It is a common method to improve the out-coupling efficiency through destroying total internal reflection by applying micro-lens array films (MLAFs) on OLED.

In this thesis, we analyze the influence of out-coupling efficiency by the base angle and height of conical micro-lens array film (CMLAF). We found that the out-coupling efficiency can be maximum improved when while the height of CMLAF is equal to the radius of CMLAF, among the enhancement ratio can be 42.16% while the base angle is 70°. We also add the black matrix in our simulation model according to the OLED products in the market. We found the enhancement ratio become helpless after adding the black matrix in OLED. To solve the problem that the lights are absorbed by black matrix, we collimate the lights by arranging the internal micro structure in OLED.

Besides, we attaching spherical, pyramidical, trapezoidical and conical macro-lens on the substrate of OLED, then the substrate mode can be out-coupled maximum and the illumination area can also be larger. For example of attaching spherical macro-lens, the enhancement ratio is 133.2% and the illumination area is 32.4 times compared to the bare OLED. There are different angular intensity profiles for different geometries of macro-lens, which can be used for different lighting application.

口試委員會審定書........................................#
誌謝..................................................i
中文摘要..............................................ii
ABSTRACT.............................................iii
目錄..................................................iv
圖目錄................................................vi
表目錄................................................ix
第 1 章 緒論..........................................1
1-1 有機發光二極體介紹..................................1
1-1-1 基本原理.........................................1
1-1-2 發光機制.........................................2
1-2 有機發光二極體之顯示技術.............................3
1-3 有機發光二極體之照明技術.............................6
1-4 光耦合效率提升方式..................................7
1-5 研究動機...........................................10
1-6 本文架構...........................................11
第 2 章 模擬條件與架構..................................12
2-1 光度學單位..........................................12
2-2 出光效率指標........................................15
2-3 模型基本設定........................................16
2-4 微透鏡陣列薄膜製程...................................19
第 3 章 微透鏡陣列應用於OLED顯示器.......................21
3-1 圓錐狀微透鏡陣列....................................21
3-1-1 不同底角與高度對效率增益影響........................21
3-1-2 不同底角與高度對視角強度分布影響....................25
3-1-3 不同底角下輝度圖及互相干擾情形......................27
3-1-4 不同視角下輝度圖及互相干擾情形......................34
3-2 高折射率基板與微透鏡材料.............................38
3-2-1 效率分析.........................................38
3-2-2 不同視角強度分佈..................................40
3-3 加入black matrix之上發光OLED........................41
3-3-1 模型設定..........................................41
3-3-2 模擬結果分析......................................42
3-3-3 Filler做微結構....................................44
3-3-4 Filler做高折射率差的微結構.........................48
第 4 章 微透鏡陣列應用於OLED照明.........................53
4-1 以微透鏡分區解釋微透鏡尺寸變大效率增加.................53
4-1-1 微透鏡分區........................................53
4-1-2 部分反射區........................................56
4-1-3 直接穿透區........................................59
4-1-4 光波導區..........................................61
4-1-5 效率增益分析......................................63
4-1-6 不同形狀微透鏡變大後效率比較........................64
4-2 單顆大透鏡(Macro-lens)..............................65
4-2-1 不同形狀大透鏡效率增益比較..........................65
4-2-2 不同形狀大透鏡強度角度分布比較......................66
4-2-3 不同形狀大透鏡照度圖比較............................68
4-2-4 高折射率基板及大透鏡材料............................70
第 5 章 結論與未來展望..................................72
5-1 結論 ...............................................72
5-2 未來展望............................................74
參考資料................................................75

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