臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於環保意識的抬頭，有許多科學研究人員都爭相投入節能相關領域中，電致變色元件也為其中的一環，有許多材料都可作為電致變色的用途，而大多的研究多著重於變色材料的形貌、電化學反應及光電特性等。變色材料的變色特性固然重要，但由於電致變色元件是由多層結構組合而成，所以其元件中的每一層功能材料也是研發的重點，而電解質也會影響元件的電致變色特性，所以本研究將以電致變色材料中的膠態電解質層的組成及其特性作為研究的主軸。
本研究以射頻式反應性濺鍍製備非晶態的氧化鎢薄膜，以及使用高壓水熱法製備W18O49奈米線陣列於透明導電玻璃(FTO)上，接著以簡單製程所配製的非水系膠態電解質塗佈於鍍有變色材料的電極及空白電極之間並且將其組合封裝，最後使用電源供應器(CHI)供應外加電壓，以及結合UV-vis光譜儀進行動態光學穿透度量測。
本研究中，將分成兩大主題，第一項為氧化鎢薄膜及W18O49奈米線對於電致變色元件之影響，結果顯示出W18O49奈米線具有較大的比表面積及細微結構，使其有相較於氧化鎢薄膜較佳的電致變色特性；第二項為膠態電解質層中離子種類及濃度對於電致變色元件之影響，並將不同系統之電解質結合不同形貌的氧化鎢材料進行量測及分析。其中，離子來源以鋰離子及鋁離子為主，之後再加入不同濃度的二茂鐵並比較其電致變色特性與前者有何差別。結果顯示:當鋰離子濃度為0.75 M時出現最高的對比度(~50%)、鋁離子濃度為0.25M時出現最高對比度(~59%)，且鋁離子系統之電致變色元件其光學特性(對比度59%)及響應時間(著色:10s，去色:2s)相較於鋰離子系統之電致變色元件有些微改善；於鋰離子系統中再加入少量的二茂鐵時，只需提供較低的外加電壓(-1.5V)就能有媲美未添加之元件特性，且有較好的穩定性及電致變色元件性能。

With the increasing concern on environmental protection issues, many researchers devoted to the study of energy saving., including the development of electrochromic devices. Many materials can be used in the electrochromic devices, and many studies have been focused on the morphology and electrochemical characteristics of the electrochromic material. Since the electrochromic devices are composed of multiple layers, the function of the electrolyte also affects the performance of electrochromic devices. In this study we will focus on the effect of gel electrolyte layer on the properties of the electrochromic devices.
In the study, we used the radio frequency sputtering with appropriate reaction parameters to prepare the tungsten oxide thin films on the FTO substrate. We also use the hydrothermal method to fabricate the W18O49 nanowire arrays on the FTO substrate in order to understand the dimension of tungsten oxide on the device performance. Then non-aqueous gel electrolytes with different compositions were sandwiched in-between the FTO glasses. Finally, the electrochromic performance in dynamic mode was evaluated with CHI DC power supply and UV-vis spectrometer.
The results and discussion in this thesis can be into two parts. The first part is to study the morphology and electrical characteristics of electrochromic materials (tungsten oxide films and W18O49 nanowires) on the electrochromic performance of the devices. The second part is to discuss the effect of ion species and their concentration in the electrolyte on the electrochromic performance of the device. The ion types included the lithium ion and the aluminum ion. In addition, different concentrations of ferrocene were added in the system of lithium ion electrolyte in order to investigate their special electrochromic characteristics. We observed that the device has a maximum contrast (~50%) at 0.75M Li ion concentration in the assembled system and the device has a maximum contrast (~59%) at 0.25M Al ion concentration in the assembled system, respectively. The optical contrast and reaction response time of the devices using aluminum ion electrolyte are better than the system based on lithium ion electrolyte. Finally, a slight amount of ferrocene was added in the lithium ion electrolyte system, and the device has a good electrochromic performance even at low applied voltages.

目次
中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
致謝 iv
目次 v
表次 vii
圖次 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1前言 1
1-2 電致變色的應用 2
1-3 研究動機及目的 3
第二章 理論基礎與文獻回顧 5
2-1變色材料: 5
2-1-1光致變色材料: 5
2-1-2熱致變色材料: 6
2-1-3電致變色材料: 7
2-2電致變色元件之變色原理及元件組成: 8
2-2-1透明基板: 10
2-2-2透明導電薄膜: 10
2-2-3電致變色層: 10
2-2-4電解質層: 11
2-2-5輔助電極或離子儲存層: 11
2-3氧化鎢電致變色材料: 12
2-3-1反應性磁控濺鍍法之氧化鎢薄膜 13
2-3-2水熱法之W18O49奈米線陣列薄膜 15
2-4電解質: 16
2-4-1液態電解質: 16
2-4-2膠態電解質: 18
2-4-3固態電解質: 19
第三章 實驗方法與步驟 21
3-1 實驗藥品與材料 22
3-2 水熱法壓力釜設備 23
3-3 反應性磁控濺鍍法(RF)製備之氧化鎢電致變色層 24
3-4水熱法製備W18O49奈米線之電致變色層 24
3-5膠態電解質之製備 24
3-5-1鋰離子系統 24
3-5-2鋁離子系統 25
3-5-3雙離子(Li+、Al3+)系統 25
3-5-4鋰離子系統添加二茂鐵 25
3-6電致變色元件之組裝及量測 26
3-6-1元件組裝 26
3-6-2動態量測 26
3-7 材料分析 28
3-7-1掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 28
3-7-2 X-ray繞射儀(XRD)分析 28
3-7-3交流阻抗(AC impedance)-離子導電率 29
第四章 結果與討論 30
4-1以反應性磁控濺鍍法製備氧化鎢薄膜 31
4-2以水熱法製備W18O49奈米線陣列 32
4-3 鋰離子系統結合氧化鎢薄膜之電致變色元件 34
4-4 鋰離子系統結合W18O49奈米線陣列之電致變色元件 36
4-5 不同黏度的電解質結合W18O49奈米線陣列之探討 40
4-6 鋁離子系統結合氧化鎢薄膜之電致變色元件 42
4-7 鋁離子系統結合W18O49奈米線陣列之電致變色元件 45
4-9 二茂鐵添加於鋰離子系統結合薄膜型之電致變色元件 50
4-10 二茂鐵添加於鋰離子結合奈米線之電致變色元件 53
第五章 結論 58
參考文獻 59

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