臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，有越來越多人力資源管理（HRM）研究，引用資源基礎觀點（resource-based view；RBV）來探討人力資源管理能力（human resource management capabilities）與經營績效的關係（e.g., Batt, 2002；Chan, Shaffer, and Snape, 2004；Guest, Michie, Conway, and Shehan, 2003；Huselid, 1995；Wright, McCormick, Sherman and McMahan, 1999）。RBV為近來策略領域較新的主流理論之一，研究者認為HRM相關研究在引用此觀點時，還有一些討論的空間：既有許多HRM領域引用RBV的實證研究，直接檢視HRM作為與企業整體績效間的關係。但根據Ray, Barney and Muhanna（2004）提到，在進行RBV實證研究時必需注意到各個變數分析單位相互呼應的問題。企業績效是一個高度加總的依變項，乃是各個經營流程所共同導致，不同的企業流程可能增加或減少企業整體績效，若只探討單一流程（功能層次）與整體績效的關聯並非正確。因此，許多HRM研究直接探討人力資源管理能力與企業績效的關係，可能無法產生有意義的結論。

本研究引用前述Ray et al.（2004）的觀點，以上市上櫃資訊電子業作為研究對象，探討人力資源管理能力、人力資源管理效能（human resource management effectiveness）、公司競爭力以及企業績效的關聯性。研究結果發現，人力資源管理能力能夠提升人力資源管理效能；其次，人力資源管理效能，在人力資源管理能力與公司績效間並不具有中介效果；最後，公司績效則會受到公司整體競爭力與人力資源管理能力之影響。希望本研究的完成，能有助於吾人對於人力資源管理能力的本質及其可能影響的暸解。

In recent years, there are more and more human resource management studies which used the resource-based view（RBV）to discuss the relations between human resource management capabilities and business performance（e.g., Batt, 2002; Chan, Shaffer, and Snape, 2004; Guest, Michie, Conway, and Shehan, 2003; Huselid, 1995; Wright, McCormick, Sherman and McMahan, 1999）. Although RBV is the mainstream in strategy management field, the author thinks that more discussions can be made about how to apply RBV for the HRM researches. Many RBV related researches only examines the impact of HRM practices on the overall performance. But Ray, Barney and Muhanna（2004）argued, the firm performance is influenced by many business different processes. Each different process could have positive or negative impact on overall firm performance. Therefore, only focusing on the impact of HRM towards company performance can not bring the meaningful conclusion.

The author takes Ray et al.（2004）’s viewpoint into account, and then use questionnaires received from 50 listing electronic companies in Taiwan Stock Market as the samples of this thesis to analyse the relationship among human resource management capabilities, human resource management effectiveness, company competency, and firm performance. There are three important findings, the first one is that human resource management capabilities can enhance human resource management effectiveness. Secondly, the author figure out that human resource management effectiveness is not a bridge between human resource management capabilities and firm performance. Finally, firm competency and human resource management capabilities have significant influence on company performance. The author hope that the accomplishment of the research can help us to understand the entity of human resource management capabilities.

摘要................................................................................................................................ii
英文摘要.......................................................................................................................iii
誌謝...............................................................................................................................iv
目次................................................................................................................................v
表目錄..........................................................................................................................vii
圖目錄.........................................................................................................................viii
第一章 緒論................................................................................................................1
1.1 研究背景與動機.......................................................................................1
1.2 研究目的與問題.......................................................................................2
1.3 研究對象...................................................................................................3
1.4 研究流程...................................................................................................4
第二章 文獻探討........................................................................................................5
2.1 人力資源管理...........................................................................................5
2.1.1 人力資源管理的定義......................................................................5
2.1.2 策略性人力資源管理的意涵..........................................................5
2.1.3 人力資源管理功能與活動..............................................................7
2.2 資源基礎觀點...........................................................................................9
2.2.1 基本立論............................................................................................9
2.2.2 關鍵資源的類型............................................................................13
2.2.3 關鍵資源的特性............................................................................18
2.2.4 資源基礎觀點之相關研究............................................................22
2.3 人力資源管理能力.................................................................................27
2.3.1 人力資源管理能力與組織績效....................................................27
2.3.2 既有人力資源管理研究之評估....................................................43
第三章 研究方法......................................................................................................46
3.1 研究架構.................................................................................................46
3.2 研究命題.................................................................................................47
3.2.1 人力資源管理能力與人力資源管理效能....................................47
3.2.2 人力資源管理能力與公司績效....................................................47
3.2.3 人力資源管理效能與公司績效....................................................48
3.2.4 人力資源管理效能之中介效果....................................................48
3.2.5 公司競爭力與公司績效................................................................49
3.3 操作性定義.............................................................................................49
3.3.1 競爭力之定義與衡量....................................................................49
3.3.2 績效衡量........................................................................................50
3.4 前測問卷修正.........................................................................................52
3.5 抽樣及問卷回收.....................................................................................53
3.6 分析方法.................................................................................................53
3.7 研究限制.................................................................................................55
第四章 資料分析與討論..........................................................................................56
4.1 樣本結構.................................................................................................56
4.2 研究工具之信度與效度分析.................................................................59
4.2.1 內容效度........................................................................................59
4.2.2 因素分析........................................................................................59
4.2.3 信度分析........................................................................................64
4.2.4 相關分析........................................................................................67
4.3 迴歸分析.................................................................................................69
4.3.1 人力資源管理能力對人力資源管理效能之影響........................69
4.3.2 人力資源管理能力與公司整體績效之關係................................71
4.3.3 人力資源管理效能與公司整體績效之關係................................72
4.3.4 人力資源管理效能的中介效果....................................................74
4.3.5 公司競爭力與公司整體績效之關係............................................75
第五章 結論與建議..................................................................................................78
5.1 研究結論.................................................................................................78
5.1.1 人力資源管理能力對人力資源管理效能之影響........................78
5.1.2 人力資源管理能力與公司績效....................................................78
5.1.3 人力資源管理效能與公司績效....................................................78
5.1.4 人力資源管理效能的中介效果....................................................79
5.1.5 公司競爭力與公司整體績效之關係............................................79
5.2 研究建議.................................................................................................79
5.2.1 實務上建議....................................................................................79
5.2.2 學術上建議....................................................................................80
參考文獻......................................................................................................................81
附錄1...........................................................................................................................84
附錄1...........................................................................................................................88

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