臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

2008年金融風暴衝擊全球經濟環境，使我國以出口為導向之中小企業面臨經營困境。過去中小企業相關研究較少探討中小企業經營團隊經歷組合如何影響中小企業快速成長。本論文基於高層理論及構形理論，採模糊集合質化比較分析法找出何種經營團隊經歷構形幫助中小企業突破困境。
本論文聚焦電子連接器中小企業，根據該產業2008年至2011年平均成長率篩選三個成長表現優異及三家成長表現不佳之中小企業。本研究分為兩階段分析，第一階段藉由Eisenhardt (1989)個案研究法找出可能影響中小企業成長之重要因素，第二階段採Ragin (2009)模糊集合質化比較分析法探索何種經營團隊經歷構形為影響中小企業快速成長之充分條件構形。
研究結果顯示「團隊功能背景異質性高」、「教育科系異質性高」、「團隊成員具有相關產業的比例高」、「總經理具有工程背景」、「董事長兼任總經理」、「高階團隊成員具MBA學位比率」為影響金融風暴後中小企業快速成長之重要條件。 「董事長兼任總經理」與「高階團隊成員具MBA學位比率」彼此具有替代關係。對年輕之中小企業而言，「創投公司的挹注」為快速成長之重要條件。對成熟之中小企業而言，「創投公司的挹注」與「董事長兼任總經理」可能阻礙金融風暴後中小企業快速成長表現。研究結果並指出三種充分條件構形，分別為新創企業具開創導向型管理團隊、新創企業具盡用導向型管理團隊及成熟企業具開創導向型管理團隊。本研究除了補足現有理論的文獻缺口之外，亦提出研究建議供實務及後續研究參考，期望能對台灣中小企業帶來實質貢獻。

The 2008 global financial crisis has impacted the global economic environment and placed small and medium sized enterprises in trouble of growth. Past studies rarely investigate on the linkage of top management team (TMT) experience configuration and growth of small and medium sized enterprises. This study applies upper echelons theory and configuration theory and utilizes fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis(fsQCA) to find out what TMT experience configuration are sufficient conditions for rapid growth of small and medium sized enterprises post the global financial crisis.
This study focuses on the electronic connector industry in Taiwan. The case firms of this study consist of 3 firms with rapid growth and 3 firms with slow or no growth after the global financial crisis. This study includes two-phases. In the first phase, case study research was used to explore what factors may influence the growth of small and medium sized enterprises; In the second phase, fsQCA was applied to identify important TMT experience configurations which are sufficient configurations for rapid growth of small and medium sized enterprises.
The result of this study indicates that ‘TMT with high functional diversity’, ‘TMT with high education diversity in terms of curriculum’, ‘more TMT members with relevant experience’, ‘CEO with technical background’, ‘chairman of board also acting as CEO’, and ‘ratio of management team members with MBA degree’ are important factors among configurations leading to rapid growth of small and medium sized enterprises. Among the factors, ‘chairman of board also acting as CEO’ and ‘ratio of management team members with MBA degree’ are substitutive to each other. For young enterprises, ‘venture capital support’ is important. However, ‘venture capital support’ and ‘chairman of board also acting as CEO’ may impede the rapid growth potential for mature small and medium sized enterprises. Moreover, this study suggests 3 configurations, which sufficiently explain the rapid growth of small and medium sized enterprises. The 3 configurations are ‘new ventures with exploration-oriented management teams’, ‘new ventures with exploitation-oriented management teams’, and ‘mature firms with exploration-oriented management team’.
This study not only fills out research gaps on the TMT experience configuration and growth of small and medium sized enterprises but also provides directions for practice and future research on growth of small and medium sized enterprises.

誌謝 I
摘要 III
ABSTRACT V
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的與研究問題 7
第三節 研究流程 9
第二章 文獻探討 13
第一節 PENROSE的企業成長理論與中小企業成長相關研究 13
第二節 高層理論、經營團隊經歷與中小企業成長相關研究 18
第三節 研究架構 21
第三章 研究方法 27
第一節 研究設計與研究對象 27
第二節 資料搜集 41
第三節 變數定義與衡量 43
第四節 資料分析方法 50
第四章 研究結果 53
第一節 研究發現 53
第二節 FSQCA分析結果 63
第五章 研究結論與討論 71
第一節 研究結論 71
第二節 研究貢獻 73
第三節 研究限制與建議 76
參考文獻 79
附錄一、經營團隊經歷編碼表 83

中文文獻

司徒達賢. (2005). 策略管理新論: 觀念架構與分析方法. 台北市: 智勝文化.
許士軍. (1990). 管理學. 台北市: 臺灣東華

英文文獻

Anderson, R. C., &; Reeb, D. M. (2003). Founding-family ownership and firm performance: Evidence from the S&;P 500. Journal of finance, 58(3), 1301-1328.
Barringer, B. R., &; Jones, F. (2004). Achieving rapid growth: revisiting the managerial capacity problem. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 73-86.
Barringer, B. R., Jones, F. F., &; Neubaum, D. O. (2005). A quantitative content analysis of the characteristics of rapid-growth firms and their founders. Journal of business venturing, 20(5), 663-687.
Becchetti, L., &; Trovato, G. (2002). The determinants of growth for small and medium sized firms. The role of the availability of external finance. Small Business Economics, 19(4), 291-306.
Berg-Schlosser, D., De Meur, G., Rihoux, B., &; Ragin, C. C. (2009). Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) as an approach. Configurational comparative methods, 1-18.
Carpenter, M. A. (2002). The implications of strategy and social context for the relationship between top management team heterogeneity and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 23(3), 275-284.
Chaganti, R., Cook, R. G., &; Smeltz, W. J. (2002). Effects of styles, strategies, and systems on the growth of small businesses. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 7(2), 175-192.
Chandler, &; Baucus, D. A. (1996). Gauging performance in emerging businesses: Longitudinal evidence and growth pattern analysis. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 1996, 491-504.
Chandler, A. D. (1962). Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the American enterprise. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge.
Collins, J. C., &; Porras, J. I. (2005). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. New York: Random House.
Del Monte, A., &; Papagni, E. (2003). R&;D and the growth of firms: empirical analysis of a panel of Italian firms. Research policy, 32(6), 1003-1014.
Dobbs, M., &; Hamilton, R. (2007). Small business growth: recent evidence and new directions. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour &; Research, 13(5), 296-322.
Doty, D. H., Glick, W. H., &; Huber, G. P. (1993). Fit, equifinality, and organizational effectiveness: A test of two configurational theories. Academy of management journal, 36(6), 1196-1250.
Doutriaux, J. (1992). Emerging high-tech firms: how durable are their comparative start-up advantages? Journal of Business Venturing, 7(4), 303-322.
Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989). Building theories from case study research. Academy of management review, 14(4), 532-550.
Freel, M. S., &; Robson, P. J. (2004). Small firm innovation, growth and performance evidence from Scotland and Northern England. International Small Business Journal, 22(6), 561-575.
Hambrick, D. C., Cho, T. S., &; Chen, M.-J. (1996). The influence of top management team heterogeneity on firms' competitive moves. Administrative science quarterly, 41(4), 659-684.
Hambrick, D. C., &; Mason, P. A. (1984). Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers. Academy of management review, 9(2), 193-206.
Hsu, W.-T., Chen, H.-L., &; Cheng, C.-Y. (2013). Internationalization and firm performance of SMEs: The moderating effects of CEO attributes. Journal of World Business, 48(1), 1-12.
Kangasharju, A. (2000). Growth of the smallest: Determinants of small firm growth during strong macroeconomic fluctuations. International Small Business Journal, 19(1), 28-43.
Karim, S., &; Mitchell, W. (2000). Path-dependent and path-breaking change: Reconfiguring business resources following acquisitions in the US medical sector, 1978–1995. Strategic Management Journal, 21(10-11), 1061-1081.
Kor, Y. Y. (2003). Experience-based top management team competence and sustained growth. Organization Science, 14(6), 707-719.
Kotler, P., Saliba, S., &; Wrenn, B. (1991). Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, and Control: Instructor's Manual: Prentice-Hall.
March, J. G. (1991). Exploration and exploitation in organizational learning. Organization Science, 2(1), 71-87.
Michel, J. G., &; Hambrick, D. C. (1992). Diversification posture and top management team characteristics. Academy of management journal, 35(1), 9-37.
Miles, R. E., Snow, C. C., Meyer, A. D., &; Coleman, H. J. (1978). Organizational strategy, structure, and process. Academy of management review, 3(3), 546-562.
Mintzberg, H. (1993). Structure in fives: Designing effective organizations: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Mullins, J. W. (1996). Early growth decisions of entrepreneurs: the influence of competency and prior performance under changing market conditions. Journal of Business Venturing, 11(2), 89-105.
Pena, I. (2002). Intellectual capital and business start-up success. Journal of intellectual capital, 3(2), 180-198.
Penrose, E. T. (1959). The theory of the growth of the firm (3rd edn). New York.
Ragin, C. C. (2009). Qualitative comparative analysis using fuzzy sets (fsQCA).
Ragin, C. C., &; Rihoux, B. (2009). Configurational Comparative Methods: Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) and Related Techniques: Sage.
Schein, E. H. (1983). The role of the founder in creating organizational culture. Organizational dynamics, 12(1), 13-28.
Schroder, H. M. (1967). Human information processing.
Schroeder, H., Driver, M., &; Streufert, S. (1967). Human Information Processing, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Inc. SchroederHuman Information Processing1967.
Schulze, W. S., Lubatkin, M. H., Dino, R. N., &; Buchholtz, A. K. (2001). Agency relationships in family firms: Theory and evidence. Organization Science, 12(2), 99-116.
Watson, W., Stewart Jr, W. H., &; BarNir, A. (2003). The effects of human capital, organizational demography, and interpersonal processes on venture partner perceptions of firm profit and growth. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(2), 145-164.
Weinzimmer, L. G. (1997). Top management team correlates of organizational growth in a small business context: a comparative study. Journal of Small Business Management, 35(3), 1.
Wiersema, M. F., &; Bantel, K. A. (1992). Top management team demography and corporate strategic change. Academy of management journal, 35(1), 91-121.
Wiklund, J., Davidsson, P., &; Delmar, F. (2003). What Do They Think and Feel about Growth? An Expectancy‐Value Approach to Small Business Managers’ Attitudes Toward Growth1. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 27(3), 247-270.
Wiklund, J., &; Shepherd, D. (2003). Aspiring for, and achieving growth: the moderating role of resources and opportunities*. Journal of management studies, 40(8), 1919-1941.
Zaheer, A., Gulati, R., &; Nohria, N. (2000). Strategic networks. Strategic Management Journal, 21(3), 203.