臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於土壤之剪力強度對減少樁體承受側向荷重後之側向位移影響很大，且位於黏性土壤淺層處之土壤側向抵抗能力較差，故本研究利用室內土槽進行一系列之側向樁載重試驗，嘗試以增加樁基周圍土壤之側向阻抗力的方法，以瞭解軟弱黏土中基樁承受側向荷重後之力學行為，減少其樁頭側向位移與增加側向荷載能力。
在黏土未改良前與經改良後兩種情況下，進行模型樁側向荷重試驗，比較改良前後側向荷重和樁頭位移與樁身彎矩之差異，並討論模型樁位移、彎矩與改良範圍和改良配比之間的關係。
由試驗結果得知，在實驗之最大荷重作用下，其結果顯示以邊長6~8倍樁徑的正方形改良面積，與4~6倍樁徑以內的改良深度之方體改良範圍，回填經水泥配比1%改良後之改良拌和土，對於減少模型樁側向位移有最經濟的效果。
當固定改良面積和改良深度時，改良配比在5%~10%內即可得到良好的改良效果，超過10%後改良效果隨改良配比增加而增加的趨勢則不顯著。對接近地表之土層中進行局部之土壤改良，且在黏土中添加少量之改良材料，便可有效減少樁體之側向位移。

The behavior of piles under lateral loading is important to the safety of construction. The magnitude of the lateral displacement of the pile under lateral loading depends on the shear strength of soil, and the lateral resistance of soil toward the ground surface is weak because of the lack of confining pressure. This research carried out a series of model pile tests to understand the mechanical behaviors of single pile under lateral loading in soft clay, and to analyze which scope of treated soil around the pile foundation can increase the lateral resistance and reduce the horizontal displacement.
The research compares the lateral properties of model piles in treated and untreated clays. The experimental results of the model pile tests in soft clay indicate that the treated area with the dimension of 6D~8D in width of square and 4D~6D in depth (where D is the diameter of pile) can achieve economical improvement effects in reducing the horizontal displacement of model piles. Under the condition of constant shape and volume with a cement content lower than 10％, it showed noticeable improvement effects in reducing the horizontal displacement of model piles. By using a small quantity of cement material to treat the soil in the vicinity of pile head can decrease the lateral displacement of the pile significantly.

中文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------- I
英文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------- II
目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------ III
圖目表----------------------------------------------------------------------- VI
表目表------------------------------------------------------------------------IX
照片目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------- X
符號說明--------------------------------------------------------------------- XI
第一章 緒論------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1前言----------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2研究動機與目的------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.3研究方法------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1.4論文內容------------------------------------------------------------- 3
第二章 文獻回顧--------------------------------------------------------- 4
2.1基樁承受側向荷載的機制----------------------------------------------- 4
2.2基樁剛柔度分析------------------------------------------------------- 5
2.3基樁受側向荷重分析--------------------------------------------------- 7
2.3.1水平地盤反力係數--------------------------------------------------- 7
2.3.2地盤反力分析法----------------------------------------------------- 8
2.3.3張氏法------------------------------------------------------------ 11
2.3.4單樁水平載重試驗反求kh-------------------------------------------- 12
2.4有效長度------------------------------------------------------------ 13
2.5基樁受側向荷重之影響範圍-------------------------------------------- 14
2.6無圍壓縮強度之相關參數研究------------------------------------------ 14
2.7地盤改良探討-------------------------------------------------------- 15
2.7.1攪拌工法---------------------------------------------------------- 15
2.7.2水泥穩定處理------------------------------------------------------ 16
2.7.3國內常用之方法與原理---------------------------------------------- 17
2.7.4增加基樁承受側向荷重的方法---------------------------------------- 18
第三章 實驗土樣、儀器設備與實驗方法------------------------------------ 34
3.1試驗土壤之基本物理性質---------------------------------------------- 34
3.2 模型樁之準備------------------------------------------------------- 35
3.3試驗設備------------------------------------------------------------ 35
3.3.1位移計------------------------------------------------------------ 35
3.3.2應變計------------------------------------------------------------ 36
3.3.3土壓計------------------------------------------------------------ 36
3.3.4資料擷取系統------------------------------------------------------ 36
3.4 儀器校正----------------------------------------------------------- 37
3.4.1位移計校正-------------------------------------------------------- 37
3.4.2應變計校正-------------------------------------------------------- 37
3.4.3土壓計校正-------------------------------------------------------- 38
3.5未改良試驗---------------------------------------------------------- 38
3.5.1土壤試體之準備---------------------------------------------------- 38
3.5.2模型樁之埋設------------------------------------------------------ 39
3.5.3位移計架設與加載-------------------------------------------------- 39
3.5.4數據處理---------------------------------------------------------- 39
3.6改良試驗------------------------------------------------------------ 40
3.7無圍壓縮試驗-------------------------------------------------------- 41
第四章 試驗結果與分析------------------------------------------------------ 59
4.1改良黏土之無圍壓縮強度-------------------------------------------------- 60
4.2 未改良黏土中之模型樁試驗----------------------------------------------- 60
4.2.1側向位移與加載歷時之關係---------------------------------------------- 60
4.2.2側向位移與荷重之關係-------------------------------------------------- 61
4.2.3樁身彎矩與荷重之關係-------------------------------------------------- 61
4.3黏土改良後之模型樁試驗-------------------------------------------------- 62
4.3.1側向位移與荷重之關係-------------------------------------------------- 63
4.3.2改良深度與側向位移之關係---------------------------------------------- 64
4.3.3改良面積與側向位移之關係---------------------------------------------- 65
4.3.4改良範圍與樁身彎矩之關係---------------------------------------------- 66
4.4不同改良配比之模型樁試驗------------------------------------------------ 67
4.4.1改良配比與側向位移之關係---------------------------------------------- 67
4.4.2改良配比與地表位移之關係---------------------------------------------- 68
第五章 結論與建議---------------------------------------------------------- 92
5.1結論-------------------------------------------------------------------- 92
5.2建議-------------------------------------------------------------------- 93
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------------- 94

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