臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文以聖約翰草(Hypericum perforatum L.)作為試驗材料探討在栽培密度、宿根栽培、扦插繁殖和田間初步試驗對此重要藥草生產效益之影響以及在不同製茶製程下對其茶湯品質之影響，並以高效液相色層分析儀分析聖約翰草葉片中活性成分含量之變化。
在五種栽培密度(間距1-5英吋)之試驗中，聖約翰草以栽培間距5英吋的條件種植，可以獲得最大的地上部單株鮮重(6.45 g)以及葉重(3.70 g)，但在所分析的二次代謝物含量上則是以栽培間距4英吋之種植條件最佳。
以18 °C、23 °C以及28 °C三種不同溫度下宿根栽培之生產效益，以28 °C的條件下聖約翰草生長速度較快，可以得到較高的地上部產量。金絲桃素、芸香苷以及槲皮素於23 °C的條件下含量較高，分別為0.023 mg g-1 FW、0.78 mg g-1 FW與0.15 mg g-1 FW。宿根栽培顯示以間隔二個月以及三個月的生產效益較佳，最多可以重複收穫三次，當多於此收穫頻率後聖約翰草所測定的活性成分含量會降低至原本的50 %左右。
以株齡二、四、八個月大之扦插苗進行扦插栽培試驗發現以株齡八個月大之聖約翰草作為扦插苗的生長速度較快，且其存活率較高，可達95 %以上，同時所測定的活性成分亦較高。
田間初步試驗發現聖約翰草在延長光週期(L : D=18 h : 6 h)的條件下，地上部產量約為控制組的4倍且可以清楚地觀察到有誘導開花的現象。在田間聖約翰草葉片以及花所測定的活性成分中，貫葉連翹素、金絲桃素以及褪黑激素的含量皆顯示花的部分較高，芸香苷含量是以延長日照處理下之葉片較高，槲皮素含量在各處理間皆無顯著差異。
製茶試驗中以綠茶製程與對照組的處理，在聖約翰草葉片測定的活性二次代謝物含量高於紅茶的製程，其中綠茶製程只有芸香苷的含量較低。在紅茶製茶製程中，聖約翰草所測得活性成分的含量會隨著發酵時間的延長與溫度的上升而降低。

Hypericum perforatum L. has been taken as experimental materials in this study to explore the effects of different cultivation densities, ratoon cropping at different temperatures, cutting cropping, and field tests on production efficiency of this important medicinal herb and the effects of different treatments of tea manufacturing processes on the herbal tea quality. Amounts of active ingredients in leaves of H. perforatum have been analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Among 5 different treatments of cultivation densities (1-5 inches) of H. perforatum, the highest amounts of plant fresh weight (6.45 g) and fresh leaf weight (3.70 g) were obtained with 5 inches condition, whereas the highest amounts of investigated secondary metabolites in leaves were detected under the density of 4 inches.
At 28 °C it reveals to be the better cultivation temperature for ratoon cropping of H. perforatum with faster growth and higher plant shoot. The higher amounts of hypericin, rutin and quercetin in leaves of St. John’s wort with ratoon cropping at 23 °C were detected as 0.023 mg g-1 FW, 0.78 mg g-1 FW and 0.15 mg g-1 FW, respectively. It shows that production efficiency of H. perforatum with ratoon cropping is better by the harvest interval of 2 and 3 months. This cropping model can be maximally harvested for 3 times. The content of detected active ingredients in leaves of H. perforatum would reduce to about 50 % of initial value when more than the harvest frequency.
Through experiments of cutting cropping it can be observed that the faster growth, higher survival rate (>95 %) and higher contents of detected active compounds of H. perforatum would be the condition with cutting age of 8 months.
The plant shoot production of H. perforatum under treatment with lengthening photoperiod (L : D=18 h : 6 h) mimicked to its natural condition has been found to be 4-fold higher than control in our preliminary field test. In the meanwhile, the phenomenon of flowering induction can be clearly observed. For investigated active ingredients of leaf, flower parts of H. perforatum in field, it exhibits that the contents of hyperforin, hypericin and melatonin are all higher in flower part, the contents of rutin are higher in leaf part under daylight-lengthening treatment and the contents of quercetin are not significantly different among treatments.
During tea manufacturing investigations, the treatments of green tea manufacture process and control were detected with higher amounts of active compounds analysed in leaves of H. perforatum than black tea manufacture process. The only compound with lower level in green tea manufacture process is rutin. For black tea manufacture process, the contents of analysed active ingredients of H. perforatum would decline in proportion to fermentation time extention and temperature increase.

中文摘要 i
Abstract iii
總目錄 vi
表目次 ix
英文表目次 x
中文圖目次 xi
英文圖目次 xv
中文附錄表目次 xxi
英文附錄表目次 xxi
中文附錄圖目次 xxii
英文附錄圖目次 xxiii
前言 1
前人研究 4
一、 聖約翰草介紹 4
二、 聖約翰草中活性物質的研究 5
三、 聖約翰草宿根二次收穫之研究 10
四、 聖約翰草扦插栽培之研究 11
五、 傳統茶葉製程 13
材料與方法 15
一、 植物材料 15
二、 分析試藥與儀器 15
三、 建立HPLC有效成分之檢量線 16
四、 聖約翰草在不同栽培密度下之生產效益 16
(一)材料培養和處理 16
(二)活性成分萃取與分析 18
五、 聖約翰草在不同溫度下宿根栽培之生產效益 20
(一)材料培養和處理 20
(二)活性成分萃取與分析 20
六、 聖約翰草扦插試驗 21
(一)材料培養和處理 21
(二)活性成分萃取與分析 21
七、 聖約翰草田間初步試驗 21
(一)材料培養和處理 21
(二)活性成分萃取與分析 22
八、 聖約翰草製茶試驗 24
(一)材料培養和處理 24
(二)活性成分萃取與分析 25
九、 統計方法 25
結果 26
一、 聖約翰草中五種有效成分標準品與檢量線之建立 26
二、 聖約翰草在不同栽培密度下之生產效益 27
三、 聖約翰草在不同溫度下宿根栽培之生產效益 35
四、 聖約翰草扦插試驗 47
五、 聖約翰草田間初步試驗 51
六、 聖約翰草製茶試驗 54
討論 61
參考文獻 69
附錄 76

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