臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文目的在於探討經蒸餾製程處理前與後的廢食用生質柴油，模擬引擎供油系統零組件磨潤性能的影響，利用油品靜態浸泡試驗、磨耗實驗及加熱結膠試驗，藉以了解生質柴油造成引擎噴油嘴運轉異常所衍生的問題。最後利用儀器進行磨耗試片表面形貌觀察及表面膜的成份分析。
試驗結果顯示，室溫條件下的抗磨耗能力主要以酯類的物理吸附膜能力為主，混合廢食用油的特定濃度(B2、DB100、DR20及DBR0.2)中有較佳的抗磨耗能力；高溫條件下，某些特定濃度的混合油品(B100、DB100、DR10及DBR2)亦有較佳的抗磨耗能力，此現象與油品所產生的磨潤化學生成物作為一保護膜避免金屬的直接接觸有關。蒸餾殘渣相較於其他不同用途的市售潤滑油具有相當程度的抗磨耗能力，主要是因為蒸餾殘渣富含酯類及腐蝕性物質，可以在室溫及高溫下的摩擦表面形成較佳的物理吸附膜或磨潤化學反應膜保護。微震磨耗試驗結果中較B20生質柴油的酯類含量具有阻尼效果，因此相對於化石柴油(D100)有較輕微的表面損傷。此外，由加熱結膠實驗得知，蒸餾殘渣在高溫180℃有最大的分離負荷產生，判定此蒸餾殘渣會隨著溫度變化而發生結膠現象。

The tribological performance of the biodiesel was evaluated using a static immersing test、reciprocating wear test、fretting wear test rig and the gumming effect of distillation residues at various temperatures.After the wear test, the worn surface and the compositions of the chemical films of each tested specimen were observed and identified by using several instruments.
The experimental results demonstrate that the anti-wear ability is mainly by physical adsorption film of fatty acids ester at room temperature. Besides, some specimens test in biodiesel with different concentrations (B100、DB100、DR10 and DBR2) have lowest wear depth in each process. Moreover, some specimens test biodiesel with different concentrations (B100、DB100、DR10 and DBR2) have lowest wear depth in each process at high temperature. It is possible that some corrosion and oxidations layer was produced by biodiesel which could protected the rubbing surface to prevent the direct contact of rough surface during wear test. Comparing to different kinds of base lubricating oils, distillation residues performed pretty well anti-wear ability by physical adsorption film or tribology chemical reaction film at different temperature conditions. In the fretting wear test, the esters adsorptive films of biodiesel provide damping effect in B20, so the surface damage of B20 is slighter than D100. Due to the temperature changes, distillation residues would occur gumming effect. And it has maximum separation load at 180℃.

摘要
Abstract
誌謝
目錄
表目錄
圖目錄
第一章 緒論
1.1 研究動機
1.2 模型構想簡介
第二章 文獻回顧
2.1 生質柴油的種類與製造方式
2.2 生質柴油的特性
2.2.1 亞麻籽油(linseed oil)
2.2.2 大豆油(soybean oil)
2.2.3 棕櫚油(palm oil)
2.2.4 油菜籽油(rapeseed oil)
2.2.5 蓖麻油(castor oil)
2.2.6 其他種類生質油的相關研究
2.3 腐蝕(Corrosion)
2.3.1 腐蝕定義
2.3.2 腐蝕型態
2.3.3 腐蝕率計算
2.4 潤滑模式
2.5 摩擦與磨耗機構
2.5.1 摩擦型態
2.5.2 磨耗機構
2.6 微震磨耗(Fretting wear)
2.6.1 微震定義與磨耗機制
2.6.2 微震磨耗預防與相關研究
2.7 固體表面與接觸型態
2.7.1 表面粗糙度
2.7.2 接觸應力計算
第三章 實驗儀器與方法
3.1 實驗儀器
3.2 分析儀器
3.3 試片規格
3.4 試驗用油
3.5 試驗條件
3.6 磨耗量計算
3.7 試驗步驟
第四章 結果與討論
4.1 靜態腐蝕試驗
4.1.1 不同材料經靜態腐蝕試驗後之表面形貌分析
4.1.2 不同材料經靜態腐蝕試驗後之表面成份分析
4.2 生質柴油往復滑動下的磨潤性能評估
4.2.1 非蒸餾生質柴油濃度對化石柴油之室溫磨潤性能的影響
4.2.2 蒸餾生質柴油濃度對化石柴油之室溫磨潤性能的影響
4.2.3 非蒸餾生質柴油濃度對化石柴油之高溫80°C磨潤性能的影響
4.2.4 蒸餾生質柴油濃度對化石柴油之高溫80°C磨潤性能的影響
4.2.5 生質柴油磨耗表面化合膜成份分析
4.2.6 綜合討論-非蒸餾與蒸餾生質柴油濃度對化石柴油的磨痕深度比較(磨痕中間區)
4.2.7 蒸餾殘渣濃度對化石柴油之室溫磨潤性能的影響
4.2.8 蒸餾殘渣濃度對蒸餾生質柴油之室溫磨潤性能的影響
4.2.9 蒸餾殘渣濃度對化石柴油之高溫80°C磨潤性能的影響
4.2.10 蒸餾殘渣濃度對蒸餾生質柴油之高溫80°C磨潤性能的影響
4.2.11 綜合討論-蒸餾殘渣濃度對化石柴油與蒸餾生質柴油的磨痕深度比較(磨痕中間區)
4.3 蒸餾殘渣與各類型基礎油之磨潤性能評估
4.3.1 蒸餾殘渣與各類型基礎油之室溫磨潤性能的影響
4.3.2 蒸餾殘渣與各類型基礎油之高溫150°C磨潤性能的影響
4.4 生質柴油在微震磨耗下的磨耗型態分析
4.4.1 室溫下生質柴油濃度對化石柴油之微震磨耗的影響
4.4.2 高溫80°C下生質柴油濃度對化石柴油之微震磨耗的影響
4.5 蒸餾殘渣之加熱試驗
4.5.1 純蒸餾殘渣(R100)在不同溫度下之加熱試驗
4.5.2 不同濃度蒸餾殘渣添加至化石柴油之高溫180°C加熱試驗
4.5.3 不同濃度蒸餾殘渣添加至蒸餾生質柴油之高溫180°C加熱試驗
第五章 結論
5.1 結論
5.2 建議
參考文獻
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