臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

紫錐菊 (Echinacea spp.) 為菊科多年生草本藥用植物，主要藥理活性的成分為咖啡酸衍生物、烷醯胺、多醣體與聚乙炔等，具有抗發炎、刺激免疫系統、抗氧化等效用。商業化生產紫錐菊以種子繁殖為主，紫錐菊具有自交不和合特性，花器屬雄蕊先熟型，主要透過昆蟲作為授粉媒介。異花授粉植物以昆蟲做為媒介形成的集團是由異質結合個體所組成，透過種子繁殖，個體間農藝性狀與成分含量差異甚大，品質不易掌控。花藥培養為快速獲得純系的方法之一，單倍體透過倍加可獲得同質結合複單倍體，可做為母本生產F1種子，若複單倍體同時具有自交不和合之特性，則可省去雜交去雄的步驟以及保障育種者權益。
本研究透過自交後裔形態檢定以及ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) 分子標誌分析花藥培養誘導之紫錐菊植株是否確實為同質結合個體，首先將此六株材料視為親本，進行自交與雜交後分析後代。形態特徵的調查顯示，自交後代的莖葉形態特徵並不完全相同。以單一組核酸引子以及少量自交後代便可檢測出基因型分離現象，顯示花藥誘導之植株並非同質的複單倍體。
透過自交與雜交授粉後評估參試材料之自交不和合性，其中DH 1和DH 2自交不和合程度較高，檢測花粉活力與柱頭可授性後，其自交不和合特性並非由於雌雄蕊不孕性所致。

Echinacea (Asteraceae), is genus of herbaceous perennials, used as medicinal plants. The major pharmacological activity components such as, caffeic acid derivatives, alkylamides, polysaccharides, and polycaetylenes, with anti-inflammatory, stimulates the immune system, anti-oxidation effects. Commercial production of Echinacea mainly propagated by seed, however, Echinacea with the characteristics of self-incompatibility and protandrous, mainly through insects as pollinator. For cross-pollinated plants, it might form a heterogeneous group, propagated by seed will lead to agronomic traits and composition variation, hard to control quality. Using anther culture and chromosome doubling can produce the pure line of homozygous double haploid that could serve as the material to produce hybrid seeds. If double haploid also with the characteristics of self- incompatibility, could absolve steps of emasculation and protect breeder’s rights.
In the present study, the microspore origin of anther culture-derived plants of Echinacea was determined using morphological character discrimination and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Morphological traits showed that they were not identical in selfing progeny. Polymorphic fragments between the two parents of the F1 plants were identified through single primer and small amount offspring of self- and cross-pollination. ISSR analysis also showed that anther culture-derived plantlet were not a homogeneous doubled haploid.
To evaluate the degree of self-incompatibility by index of self-incompatibility among selfing and crossing materials, results indicated that DH 1 and DH 2 belongs to completely self-incompatible and mostly self-incompatible, respectively. Self-incompatibility are not cause by pistil and/or stamen sterile.

致謝…………………………………i
中文摘要………………………ii
英文摘要………………………iii
目錄…………………………………iv
圖目錄………………………………v
表目錄………………………………vi
前言……………………………………1
前人研究……………………………4
一、紫錐菊商業化栽培需求……………4
二、分子標誌ISSR於後代檢定之應用…………8
三、紫錐菊花器與自交不和合性…………………10
四、花粉活力檢測方法與相關研究……………16
材料與方法……………………………………………………………21
結果…………………………………………………………………………29
一、紫錐菊花藥培養誘導之植株特性檢定……29
二、紫錐菊花藥培養誘導之植株自交不和合性評估…52
討論……………………………………………………………………………65
參考文獻……………………………………………………………………75

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