臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

水稻(Oryza sativa)是台灣栽培面積最廣的的糧食作物，了解水稻品種間的遺傳距離能幫助育種者利用現有優良品種的遺傳資源。估算水稻品種間的遺傳距離可以利用許多方式，在本次實驗當中，我們選用了SSR，AFLP，RAPD三種最為有效常見的分子標記，配合以譜系估算的親緣係數進行25個台灣稉稻品種遺傳距離的測定。由實驗結果得知親緣係數與分子標記估算的品種距離兩者之間相關程度不高。此現象可能來自親緣係數估算的偏差或是分子標記數量不足或分布不均所致。3種分子標記中，SSR與親緣係數的相關程度較高，也與譜系資料最為相符。AFLP除了少數的品種出現不合理的分群情形，與SSR對品種間遺傳距離的估算大致相同，RAPD分子標記則與譜系資料差異最大。

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the most important grain crop inTaiwan. Understanding genetic distance among rice varieties may help breeders to utilize the rice germplasm. There are many methods could be used to estimate genetic distance in rice. We used three marker systems: SSR(Simple Squence repeat), AFLP(Ampilified Fragment Lenth Polymorphism), RAPD(Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA) and coefficient of coancestry to determine genetic relatedness among elite major rice varieties. Correlations between molecular marker and coefficient of coancestry estimates are low. It might be caused by bias of coefficient of coancestry estimates , not enough number of molecular markers or markers spread in genome unevenly. Correlations between SSR estimates and coefficient of coancestry is higher and correspond better to pedigree data than other markers. AFLP estimates are roughly similar with SSR, but some estimates appears unreasonable. RAPD estimates are most different when compared with pedigree data.

內容目錄 i
圖片目錄 iii
表格目錄 iv
摘要 v
Abstract vi
前言 1
前人研究 2
估算水稻品種間遺傳距離的方法 2
分子標記間的比較 6
方法 10
樣品栽培 10
DNA抽取 10
DNA品質檢查與定量 11
RAPD分析 11
AFLP分析 12
SSR分析 13
資料分析 14
親緣係數計算 14
多型性記錄 14
PIC計算 14
集群分析(Cluster Analysis)與主成分分析(Principal Coordinates analysis) 15
Mantel’s測驗 15
Cophenetic Coefficient Correlation 15
結果 16
親緣係數分析結果 16
RAPD分析結果 18
SSR分析結果 20
AFLP分析結果 23
比較親緣係數及分子標記估算之結果 28
分子標記間效率的比較 29
討論 30
依譜系資料討論品種間的相似情形 30
親緣係數與分子標記間的差異 32
分子標記間的差異 34
結論 36
參考文獻 37
附錄一：AFLP實驗詳細流程 39
附表1親緣係數矩陣 42
附表2 RAPD相似度矩陣 43
附表3 SSR相似度矩陣 44
附表4 AFLP相似度矩陣 45

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