臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

RFID的快速崛起，應用層面廣泛，相對產生許多需要克服的問題。讀取率低、安全性、隱私、天線的配置、大量資料的蒐集與分析、天線互相干擾以及水及金屬對讀取率的影響等。本論文設計一個無線射頻辨識系統資訊平台，在多讀取器及多標籤環境下，避免互相干擾所導致的讀取率降低、資料有效的搜集、分析以及安全性等問題。
在系統的資料的安全性上，我們採用AES替射頻標籤加密，系統之間的訊息傳輸採用仿SSL的交握方式，因考量安全性與效率問題，同時採用RSA與AES兩種加密方式，並設計整個供應鏈的安全性機制。關於射頻系統互相干擾的問題，本論文提出一個事件驅動的讀取器排程方法，根據我們實驗出來讀取器的讀取範圍以及讀取率，與現存的抗干擾方式TDMA以及Colorwave模擬做比較後，EDRS有不錯的效果。
考量RFID系統資料的安全性、資料碰撞的問題並整合web-service建置出一個彈性且安全的資訊平台。資訊平台支援2.45GHz/915MHz/ 13.56MHz/530KHz 四種頻率的讀取器、其中915MHz可讀取主動式以及被動式的射頻標籤，支援ISO以及EPC規範的標籤以及內建感測器的標籤。資料搜集後我們可以將資料透過Web Service進行遠端診斷，提供支向量機器等方式。此外，通用訊息傳輸平台的建立可以提供Web-Site、簡訊發送、e-mail、視訊會議、GPRS以及XML等主動與被動的訊息傳輸方式。當診斷伺服器發現有異常事件時，會主動傳送警告訊息給相關人員，進行修復。

In recent years, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology seems to have been more widely accepted. However, there are still some weaknesses of RFID technology, such as low reading rate, data security and the privacy issue, deployment of antennas, problems in handling large amounts of data generated by the tags, reader collision, and failed in the presence of metal and liquid based products ... etc. This thesis developed a RFID Information Platform to handle mass data and try to solve the reader collision problem which may result in low reading rate, moreover, to deal with the data security problems.
In the aspect of the data transmission security, AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm is employed for the encryption of tag. The transmission protocol of this platform is designed by imitating Secure Socket Layer (SSL) handshake protocol. RSA (Ronald Rivet, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman) and AES encryption/decryption algorithms are applied simultaneously for considerations of security and efficiency. The security mechanisms are proposed for the supply chain management. Subsequently, an anti-collision policy called Event-driven reader scheduling (EDRS) is proposed in this thesis. A comparison of EDRS and existing collision avoidance policies (TDMA, Colorwave) was made based on the simulation results. There is a nice outcome of EDRS which is according to the concerned area (workspace) to avoid reader collision.
The security issue and reader collision problem of RFID system are taken into account. Through the integration of web-services, the developed information platform is more flexible and secure. This information platform supports the adapters for 2.45GHz/915MHz/13.56MHz/530KHz readers. In addition, 915MHz reader supports active/passive tags which follow the standards of ISO and EPC. Collected fault data can be diagnosed through the web-service we constructed. SVM (Support Vector Machine) is used for fault diagnosis. Besides, General message passing platform provides various ways of message passing such as Web-Site, SMS, e-mail, videoconference, GPRS and XML…etc. Diagnosing server can send active warning notification to engineers or related staffs for troubleshooting.

List of Tables VIII
List of Figures IX
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Objectives 2
1.3 Contributions 3
1.4 Thesis Organization 4
Chapter 2 Relevant Research and Background Knowledge 5
2.1 Radio Frequency Identification System 5
2.1.1 Introduction 5
2.1.2 EPCGlobal Network Architecture and Framework Standards 7
2.2 RFID Middleware 10
2.2.1 Existing RFID Middleware Solutions 11
2.3 The Reader Collision Problem 13
2.4 Existing Approaches to avoid Reader Collision Problem 14
2.4.1 Existing Multiple Access Mechanisms 14
2.4.2 Existing Anti-Collision Approaches 15
2.5 RFID Security and Privacy 18
2.5.1 Existing Approaches for RFID Security and Privacy 19
Chapter 3 Reader Anti-Collision and Security Mechanism 22
3.1 Coverage Description 22
3.1.1 Data Gathering 22
3.1.2 Transformations and Presentation 24
3.2 Event-driven Reader Scheduling 25
3.2.1 RFID Reader Collision Index Definition 26
3.2.2 EDRS-Collision Avoidance Mechanism 30
3.3 Symmetric Key Cryptosystem-AES 34
3.4 Asymmetric Key Cryptosystem-RSA 39
3.5 Security and Privacy Mechanism 42
3.5.1 Level 1 43
3.5.2 Level 2 46
3.5.3 Level 3 50
Chapter 4 RFID Information Platform Architecture and Implementation 52
4.1 System Overview 52
4.2 Simulation Tool for RFID Layout 52
4.2.1 Architecture of Simulation Tool 53
4.2.2 Implementation of Simulation Tool 57
4.3 Edge Server 61
4.3.1 Reader Manager Module 62
4.3.2 Data Monitoring Module 67
4.3.3 Encryption/Decryption Module 67
4.4 Intrusion Detection and Response Module 68
4.4.1 Intrusion Detection 68
4.4.2 Intrusion Response 70
4.5 Information Platform 71
4.6 GMPP Services 75
4.6.1 Integrate XML to GMPP 76
4.7 Diagnostic Services 77
4.7.1 Support Vector Machine 77
4.7.2 Implementation of Remote Diagnosis Web-Service 82
Chapter 5 Simulations and Applications 86
5.1 Simulation 86
5.1.1 Case 1-Simulation Setup 87
5.1.2 Case 1-Simulation Results 89
5.1.3 Case 2-Simulation Setup 91
5.1.4 Case2-Simulation Results 92
5.1.5 Experiments and Results 93
5.2 Applications-Warehouse management 94
5.2.1 Scenario 95
5.2.2 Implementation and Results 96
5.3 Applications-Flexible Manufacturing Cell 98
5.3.1 Scenario 99
5.3.2 Implementation and Results 101
Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Works 106
6.1 Conclusions 106
6.2 Future Works 107
References 108

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