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研究生:陳容峻
研究生(外文):Rong-Chun Chen
論文名稱:利用串聯式質譜儀技術快速分析生物樣品中之磷酸化蛋白質
論文名稱(外文):Fast Determination of Phosphorylated Proteins in Biological Samples by Liquid Chromatography- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
指導教授:呂濟宇
指導教授(外文):Chi-Yu Lu
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:高雄醫學大學
系所名稱:生物化學研究所
學門:生命科學學門
學類:生物化學學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2011
畢業學年度:99
語文別:中文
論文頁數:121
中文關鍵詞:蛋白質磷酸化液相層析串聯式質譜儀微波相對定量
外文關鍵詞:protein phosphorylationLC-MS/MSmicrowaverelative quantification
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蛋白質的磷酸化為轉譯後修飾(post-translational modifications; PTMs)的其中一種,在生物體中扮演訊息傳遞的主要角色,使得生理調控機制得以進行。蛋白質磷酸化的位置大部分發生於胺基酸序列中的絲胺酸(serine)與蘇胺酸(threonine),約佔所有磷酸化胺基酸的99%,少部分為酪胺酸(tyrosine),但由於較易設計針對磷酸化酪胺酸的抗體,便於使用傳統方法如西方墨點法(western blotting)及免疫沉澱法(immunoprecipitation)進行分析,因此磷酸化酪胺酸對於生理功能的影響較於廣泛地研究。目前常見之分析蛋白質磷酸化的方法包括西方墨點法、免疫沉澱法、體外激酶活性測定法 (in vitro kinase assay)以及質譜儀(mass spectrometry) 等,其中質譜儀已成為目前研究蛋白質體學最重要的工具之一,本研究即著重於探討使用質譜儀分析磷酸化蛋白質的研究方法。
本研究方向為以下幾點:首先建立以一般常見之家用微波爐加速胰蛋白酶(trypsin)水解蛋白質的方法,實驗中比較了傳統以乾浴加熱器37℃下進行蛋白質水解與使用微波爐協助水解的效率,結果顯示在樣品微小化(2μL)環境中,使用微波爐協助酵素水解效率比乾浴好,且能將反應時間縮短至2分鐘,便利了整體實驗的進行。由於磷酸化影響蛋白質電荷,在質譜離子化時效率較差,且磷酸化片段在質譜中會產生neutral loss,造成分析上的困難,因此在本實驗中以化學衍生的方式將磷酸基團置換成中性基團,以解決離子化與neutral loss等問題並提升質譜儀檢測磷酸化胜肽片段的能力;另外針對不同的實驗樣品進行衍生後,將兩組樣品混合進行質譜分析,藉由訊號的強度可為兩組實驗中的磷酸化胜肽片段作相對定量。最後,將人類血清蛋白(human serum albumin; HSA)水解後,利用質譜multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)功能製作標準品檢量線,藉此來校正人類血液與尿液中的HSA含量,並以此為基準定量磷酸化蛋白質。
由以上結果建立使用質譜儀快速且便利之檢測與定量生物樣品中磷酸化蛋白質的方法,具有樣品微小化、縮短反應時間、提升質譜儀分析效率及定量方式等優點。


Protein phosphorylation is one of post-translational modifications (PTMs) that served as a central mechanism in signal transduction of biological organisms. Approximately 99% of this modification located on serine and threonine residues, whereas a few occurred on tyrosine residue. However, due to the facility in designing epitopes of antibodies for phosphotyrosine, it facilitated the detection and functional analysis of phosphotyrosine in biological organisms by many methods (such as western blotting, immunoprecipitation, in vitro kinase assay and mass spectrometry).
Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the major methods for proteomics analysis. This study developed a convenient way for protein digestion by using microwave oven to shorten the digestion time. Protein sample volume was at microscale level (2μL). The results showed that microwave-assisted digestion had better efficiency than conventional method, and this strategy also shortened the digestion time from 16 hours to 2 minutes. After protein digestion, chemical derivatization was introduced for labeling phosphorylated proteins, which increased the ionization efficiency and decreased neutral loss of phosphate group in MS analysis. Moreover, relative quantification of phosphorylation on the same peptide could be calculated by comparing the homologue chemicals labeled on the peptide. In the third part of this study, the calibration curve of digested human serum albumin (HSA) was constructed by mass spectrometric multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) assay. HSA quantification was used as a benchmark for quantifying phosphorylated proteins in human blood and urine.
In conclusion, a fast and convenient method for analyzing phosphorylated proteins by MS was established. The advantages of this method contain microscale samples, shorter digestion time, and good detection and quantification efficiency of phosphorylated proteins. Application of this method in biological samples demonstrated workable.


中文摘要 ----------------------------------------Ⅱ
英文摘要 ----------------------------------------Ⅳ
目錄 --------------------------------------------Ⅶ
圖目錄 ------------------------------------------Ⅹ
表目錄 ----------------------------------------ⅩⅢ

第壹章 緒論
第一節 轉譯後修飾 ---------------------------------------1
第二節 蛋白質磷酸化 -------------------------------------3
(一) 蛋白質磷酸化簡介 ----------------------------------3
(二) 磷酸化蛋白質的生理功能 ----------------------------4
(三) 磷酸化蛋白質與其生理調控機制 ----------------------5
(四) 蛋白質磷酸化改變所造成的臨床疾病 ------------------9
第三節 磷酸化蛋白質之檢測 ------------------------------11
(一) 傳統檢測方法--------------------------------------11
(二) 質譜儀偵測法 -------------------------------------12
(三) 磷酸化蛋白質之分離與純化 -------------------------14
(四) 使用質譜儀定量磷酸化蛋白質之方法 -----------------16
第四節 實驗目標 ----------------------------------------20

第貳章 材料與方法
第一節 材料與試藥 --------------------------------------22
(一) 實驗試劑 -----------------------------------------22
(二) 實驗材料 -----------------------------------------23
(三) 細胞實驗材料與試劑 -------------------------------24
第二節 使用之儀器 --------------------------------------25
第三節 試藥配製 ----------------------------------------26
(一) 微波協助蛋白質水解實驗之試藥配製 -----------------26
(二) 化學衍生法之試藥配製 -----------------------------28
(三) 定量血液及尿液中蛋白質實驗之試藥配製 -------------34
第四節 儀器設定 ----------------------------------------36
(一) 極致高效能液相層析儀UPLC移動相設定 -------------36
(二) 液相層析串聯式質譜儀LTQ-Orbitrap設定 ------------37

第參章 實驗結果與討論
第一節 使用微波爐協助加速蛋白質水解 --------------------38
(一) 常見的加速蛋白質水解方法 -------------------------38
(二) 實驗設計 -----------------------------------------39
(三) 實驗結果 -----------------------------------------39
(四) 實驗討論 -----------------------------------------47
第二節 化學衍生法 --------------------------------------50
(一) 原理簡介 -----------------------------------------50
(二) 實驗設計 -----------------------------------------52
(三) 實驗結果 -----------------------------------------57
(四) 實驗討論 -----------------------------------------84
第三節 正常人血液及尿液中磷酸化蛋白質之定量 ------------87
(一) 實驗設計 -----------------------------------------87
(二) 實驗結果 -----------------------------------------89
(三) 實驗討論 -----------------------------------------95

第肆章 結論 --------------------------------------97

第伍章參考資料 -----------------------------------98



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