臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要

交通運輸工具行經高架橋或橋樑時，可能引致振動，此振動經由橋墩傳遞至樁基，藉由基樁傳遞至承載層，再通過承載層傳遞至鄰近結構物或精密廠房之基礎，以致產生不良影響。本研究旨在探討上述振波之傳遞及降低此振波的方法。
為降低由基樁傳遞至承載層所產生之振波對鄰近結構物或精密廠房之振動影響，本研究於基樁上加裝彈簧改良為減振基樁，並進行模型試驗。藉由模型試驗探討減振基樁對於樁尖在承載層中產生振波之減振成效、原模型基樁與減振基樁之樁周土壤中振波波傳衰減行為、衝擊能量和彈簧勁度與減振基樁垂直位移之關係。
由試驗結果可知，當衝擊能量藉由基樁傳遞到承載層所產生之振波，傳遞到承載層與砂土層之界面時，振波大部分能量會沿著界面傳遞出去。原模型基樁與減振基樁之樁周土壤中波傳衰減行為之衰減趨勢兩者非常相似，大約隨距離呈比例性的衰減消散。當勁度比小於1.6時，減振基樁樁尖所產生之振波能量比原模型基樁樁尖所產生之振波能量減少50%以上，可知減振基樁對於振波於承載層與承載層界面之傳遞有明顯的減低效果。

Abstract
Vibration caused by transportation vehicles pass through viaduct or bridge may be transmitted from piers to pile foundations. This vibration may generate waves in deep layer. The wave propagation from the bearing stratum may cause damages to the adjacent structures or high-tech production facilities. The purpose of this research is to investigate the wave propagation in soil layers and the method for reducing these vibrations.
To reduce the vibration that may cause some detrimental effects to the residences, adjacent structures or high-tech production facilities, this research designed two model piles. One of the model piles, a spring is set on the pile head as the vibration suppression, and the other one is the original pile with no treatment. A series of model pile tests were carried out in laboratory to investigate the effects of vibration mitigation, behavior of the attenuation of wave propagation around model pile in the soil and the relationships among vertical displacement of model pile, impact energy and
From the results of experiments, it was revealed that the impact energy generated vibrations by means of pile tip and transmitted to the bearing stratum then generated waves. If the waves transmitted to the interface layer between the bearing stratum and the loose sand stratum, parts of energy would be transmitted outward by the interface layer. For the two kinds of model piles, the behaviors of attenuation of wave propagation approach to a similar curve and attenuate in proportion of distance. For the stiffness ratio lower than 1.6, the vibration energy generated by the pile tip of vibration suppression is decreased to 50% of that generated by the original model pile. It is revealed also that the wave propagation transmitted by bearing stratum and the interface layer had predominant vibration mitigation.

目錄

中文摘要-----------------------------------------------------------------------------I
英文摘要---------------------------------------------------------------------II
目錄------------------------------------------------------------------------III
照片目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------VI
表目錄----------------------------------------------------------------------VII
圖目錄---------------------------------------------------------------------VIII
符號說明--------------------------------------------------------------------XII

第一章 緒論-------------------------------------------------------------------1
1-1 研究動機與目的--------------------------------------------------------1
1-2 研究方法--------------------------------------------------------------2
1-3 論文內容--------------------------------------------------------------3
第二章 文獻回顧---------------------------------------------------------------5
2-1 土壤振波理論----------------------------------------------------------5
2-1-1 應力波傳種類與行為-----------------------------------------------6
2-1-2 土壤振波衰減模式-------------------------------------------------8
2-2 樁振動理論------------------------------------------------------------9
2-2-1 打樁振動傳播形式------------------------------------------------10
2-3 減振之相關工法-------------------------------------------------------13
2-3-1 隔振溝與隔振壁工法----------------------------------------------13
2-3-2 阻波塊（WIB）及蜂窩式阻波塊（HWIB）工法-------------------------14
2-3-3 地盤改良工法----------------------------------------------------16
2-3-4 數值分析之複合式隔振工法----------------------------------------17
2-3-5 衝擊荷重在基礎上之減振------------------------------------------18
2-4 機械、設備、儀器等之容許振動範圍-------------------------------------18
第三章 試驗設備與試驗方法--------------------------------------------------- 37
3-1試驗土樣之基本物理性質----------------------------------------------- 37
3-1-1 最大乾單位重試驗----------------------------------------------- 37
3-1-2 最小乾單位重試驗----------------------------------------------- 38
3-2 試體相對密度之標定-------------------------------------------------- 39
3-2-1 試驗設備------------------------------------------------------- 39
3-2-2 試驗步驟------------------------------------------------------- 39
3-3 原模型基樁之振波性質與樁周土壤中振波之衰減行為---------------------- 40
3-3-1 模型樁--------------------------------------------------------- 41
3-3-2 試驗儀器設備--------------------------------------------------- 41
3-3-3 試體製作------------------------------------------------------- 43
3-3-4 試驗步驟------------------------------------------------------- 43
3-4 減振基樁之振波性質與樁周土壤中振波之衰減行為------------------------ 44
3-4-1 試驗步驟------------------------------------------------------- 44
3-5 試驗規劃------------------------------------------------------------45
第四章 試驗結果與分析------------------------------------------------------- 58
4-1 承載層之邊界效應---------------------------------------------------- 58
4-2 承載層之振波性質-----------------------------------------------------59
4-2-1 不同承載條件下原模型基樁之振波性質------------------------------60
4-2-2 減振基樁於承載層之振波性質--------------------------------------61
4-3 樁周土壤中振波之衰減行為---------------------------------------------62
4-3-1 原模型基樁樁周土壤中振波之衰減行為------------------------------62
4-3-2 減振基樁樁周土壤中振波之衰減行為--------------------------------63
4-3-3 減振基樁之振波衰減效果------------------------------------------64
4-4 減振基樁之垂直位移---------------------------------------------------66
第五章 結論與建議------------------------------------------------------------93
5-1 結論-----------------------------------------------------------------93
5-2 建議-----------------------------------------------------------------94
參考文獻---------------------------------------------------------------------95

參考文獻
1.土質工學會，土質試驗法，日本土質工學會，第172-188頁（1976）。
2.竹宮宏和，「波動遮断ブロック(WIB)の受動的制振効果」，,土木學會論文集, 第五百 六十三期，第221-230頁（1996）。
3.李建中，「打樁引致之地表振動」，土木水利，第十卷，第四期，第46-59頁（1984）。
4.李咸亨，「震波之量測」，地工技術雜誌，第十七期，第57-69頁（1987）。
5.沈怡君、顏彬任、倪勝火，「高速鐵路引制地盤振動之地工防治對策探討」，地工技術 雜誌，第八十八期，第15-22頁（2001）。
6.吳瑞祥，「槽溝對表面波減振之實驗研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學土木工程研究所，台南（2000）。
7.佐藤厚子、西川純一、山澤文雄，「衝撃加速度による改良盛土の品質管理事例」，土と基礎，第四十八卷，第七期，第21-23頁（2000）。
8.林聰悟、陳正興、李洋傑，「高鐵行經南科園區振動研究－高架橋基礎與連續基礎之減振效果評估」，國科會專題研究 （2000）。
9.黃俊鴻、李建中、劉萬寧、陳正興、徐力平、李祥仁、楊志文、杜東岳、王升錦，「打樁震動對鄰近結構物影響之研究（II）」，榮工程股份有限公司計畫，台北（2001）。
10.葉昕豪，「台南科學工業園區波傳減振之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學，台南（2001）。
11.鹽田正純 公害振動的預測手冊，景上書局，日本（1985）。
12.Ahmad, S., and Al-Hussaini, T.M.,“Simplified Design for Vibration Screening by Open and In-Filled Trenches,”Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,ASCE, Vol. 117, No. 1, pp. 67-88 (1991).
13.Ahmad, S., Al-Hussaini, T.M., and Fishman, K.L. “Investigation onactive isolation of machine foundations by open trenches,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 122, No. 6, pp. 454-461 (1996).
14.Ahmad, S., and Al-Hussaini, T.M., “Active isolation of machine foundations by in-filled trench barriers,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 122, No. 4, pp. 288-294 (1996).
15.Athanasopoulos, G.A., Pelekis, P.C., and Anagnostopoulos, G.A., “Effect of soil stiffness in the attenuation of Rayleigh-wave motions from field measurements,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 277-288 (2000).
16.Athanasopoulos, G.A., and Pelekis, P.C., “Ground vibrations from sheet pile driving in urban environment:measurement, analysis and effects on buildings and occupants,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 371-387 (2000).
17.Attewell, P.B., and Famer, I.W., “Attenuation of ground vibrations from pile driving,” Ground Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 9-26 (1973).
18.Bornitz, G., Expansion of Heavy Drilling Producing Groud Motion in the Deep, Journal of Springer, Berlin (1931).
19.Chehab, A.G., and EI Naggar, M.H., “Design of efficient base isolation for hammers and presses,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 23 No. 2, pp. 127-141 (2003).
20.Chouw, N., and Schmid, G., “Building isolation using the transmitting behavior of a soil layer,” Proceedings of Tenth Wisconsin Center for Environmental Education, Madrid, Spain, pp. 2519-2524 (1992).
21.Ewing, W.M., Jardetzky, W.S., and Press, F., Elastic Waves in Layered Media, McGraw-Hill, New York (1957).
22.Gordon, C.G., “Generic criteria for vibration-sensitive Equipment,” The International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 1619, pp. 71-85 (1991).
23.Gutowski, T., and Dym, C., “Propagation of ground vibration: a review,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 179-193 (2003).
24.Hwang, J.H., Liang, N., and Chen, C.H., “Ground Response During Pile Driving,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Vol. 127, No. 11, pp. 939-949 (2001).
25.Kim, D.S., and Lee, J.S., “Propagation and attenuation characteristic of various ground vibrations,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 115-126 (2000).
26.Kramer, S.L., Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering, Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, pp.174-180 (1996).
27.Lysmer, J., and Wass, G., “Shear waves in plane infinite structure,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. 1, PP. 85-105 (1972).
28.Novak, M., “Dynamic stiffness and damping of piles,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 574-598 (1974).
29.O’Neill, D.B., “Vibration and dynamic settlement from pile driving,” Proceedings of Conference on Behaviour of Piles, London, England, pp. 135-140 (1971).
30.Segol, G., Lee, P.C.Y., and Abel, J.F., “Amplitude reduction of Surface Wave by Trenches,” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. EM3, pp. 621-641 (1978).
31.Richart, D.W., “Dynamic effects of pile installations on adjacent structures,” Synthesis Report, NCHRP Synthesis 253, Washington, U.S.A. (1997).
32.Skipp, B.O., “Dynamic ground movements－man-made vibrations,” In:Attewell, P.B., and Taylor, R.K., editors, Ground Movements and their Eeffects on Structures. Surrey University Press, London, pp. 4-21 (1984).
33.Taniguchi, E., and Sawada, K., “Attenuation with distance of traffic-induced,” Soil and Foundations, Vol. 19, No. 2, pp. 16-28 (1979).
34.Takemiya, H., and Fujiwara, A., “Wave propagation/impediment in a soil stratum and wave impeding block(WIB) measured for SSI response reduction.,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 113, pp. 49-61 (1994).
35.Takemiya, H., Hashimoto, M., and Shiraga, A., “Contruction of wave impeding barrier (WIB column) for mitigation of traffic induced ground vibration,” Soil and Foundations, Vol. 50, No. 9, pp. 19-21 (2002).
36.Takemiya, H., “Field vibration mitigation by honeycomb WIB for pile foundations of a high-speed train viaduct,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 69-87 (2004).
37.Thandavamoorthy, T.S., “Piling in fine and medium sand－a case study of ground and pile vibration,” Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 24 No. 4, pp. 295-304 (2004).
38.Theissen, J.R., and Wood, W.C., “Vibration in structures Adjacent to Pile Driving,” Dames amd Moore Enginering Bulletin, No. 60 pp. 4-21 (1982).
39.Wiss, J.F., “Damage effect of pile driving vibrations,” Highway Research Record, No. 155, pp. 14-20 (1967).
40.Wiss, J.F., “Construction Vibrations: State-of-the-Art,” Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 107, No. GT2 (1981).
41.Woods, R.D., “Screening of Surface Waves in Soils,” Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, Proceedings of the ASCE, Vol. 94, No. SM4, pp. 951-979 (1968).
42.Xia, H., Roeck, G.D., Zhang, N., and Maeck, J., “Experimental analysis of a high-speed railway bridge under Thalys trains,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, Vol. 268, No. 1, pp. 103-113 (2003).