臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

國人使用中草藥來預防或治癒疾病已有多年的歷史，而在以往的研究常是以單方中草藥為主來探討其所提供之功效。本研究目的為開發護肝性中草藥複方飲品。於本研究先開發其最佳適口性中草藥複方飲品，分析其一般組成份及微量元素，並進行消費者型感官品評試驗，並探討中草藥複方飲品機能特性之分析，其中包括總酚及類黃酮含量、類超氧歧化&;#37238; (SOD-like) 活性及粗多醣、酚酸類黃酮化合物含量，及抗氧化能力，及探討其指標性成分含量多寡，及於室溫下進行儲藏性試驗。最後於第三章探討其中草藥複方飲品對於以 CCl4 誘導肝臟損傷之保肝作用。
結果顯示，於各項試驗中，中草藥複方飲品經&;#63790;凍乾燥後再以不同溶劑萃取以進行各項分析試驗，在礦物質元素含量分析方面，以鈉 (24.56 mg/100g) 含量為最高，在消費者感官品評試驗方面，其整體喜好性 (preference) 是為消費者所接受喜好的。在機能性成分方面，其類超氧歧化&;#37238;活性分析含量為 11.09 unit/g、粗三&;#33820;為 0.19 mg/g 及粗多糖為 0.36 mg/g 。另外在酚酸及類黃酮化合物之分析與定量結果得知，其含量最高之機能性成份分別為 Rutin (19.49 mg/g) 及 Quercerin (29.84 mg/g) 。而在指標成分分析部份，分別依文獻舉證其具有保肝特性之化合物其含量分別為 Luteolin (6.86 mg/100g)、Betaine (13.43 mg/100g)、Formononetin (3.02 mg/100g) 及 Saponin (7.42 mg/100g)；顯示該複方飲品極具高生物活性之化合物。在保護肝臟損傷動物試驗中可看出，其血漿中 GOT及 GPT 有下降比例分別為 27.80% 及 8.94% ；在 GPx 及 GRd 的含量中，其與負對照組相比可看出其兩者含量皆有顯著性的增加，其分別為 21.22% 及 28.61%，且在GRd的部份可看出其含量遠大於正對照組 (22.21%)；在 GSH 這組數據可看出，經過餵食中草藥複方飲品水萃物後，肝臟中 GSH 的含量有顯著性的增加 (26.16%)。綜合以上結果可得知，調節肝臟中草藥複方飲品除了富含機能性成分外，還可進一步調節生理保健功效外，並可保護肝臟受到損傷時其內部修護狀況。故本研究除了開發調節肝臟中草藥複方飲品，並分析其機能性成分含量，以探討中草藥複方飲品對於保肝作用改善機轉。

The people use the Chinese herb medicine to prevent or cure disease for a long time, but former research often was primarily discusses by the simplex Chinese herb medicine that provides the effect.This research objective was development Chinese multiherb beverage for hepatoprotective. First develops the best preference Chinese multiherb beverage in this research, analyzes proximate compositions and the element, and sensory evaluation of Chinese multiherbal formula beverage, then discusses analysis the Chinese multiherbal formula beverage function characteristic, including the content of total phenolics and flavonoids, the SOD-like activity and crude polysaccharide, the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and analyzes antioxidation ability, and discusses the content of marker constituents, reaches under the room temperature the storage experiment. Finally, in the third chapter to discuss that Chinese multiherbal formula beverage regarding to damage by the CCl4 induce liver to guarantee the liver function.
The result showed, the Chinese multiherbal formula beverage after freeze dry then extraction by different solven with each analytical, in element content analysis aspect, the sodium (24.56 mg/100g) content was highest, in the sensory evaluation aspect, the preference is accepts for the consumer likes. In the functional properties part, it’s kind of SOD-like enzyme activity analysis content is 11.09 unit/g, Crude triterpenoids was 0.19 mg/g and the Crude polysaccharide is 0.36 mg/g. Moreover knew analysis the content of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, its content highest functional ingredient respectively is Rutin (19.49 mg/g) and Quercerin (29.84 mg/g).But in the marker constituents analysis part, respectively depends on the literature to evidence it to have hepatoprotective characteristic respectively is Luteolin (6.86 mg/100g), Betaine (13.43 mg/100g), Formononetin (3.02 mg/100g) and Saponin (7.42 mg/100g); Demonstrated this Chinese multiherbal formula beverage have compound of extremely the high biological activity. In the protection liver damage animal experiment, in its blood plasma GOT and GPT have the drop proportion respectively are 27.80% and 8.94%; In GPx and in the GRd content, it compares with the negative control group that both have the significance increase, respectively is 21.22% and 28.61%, also see the GRd part to be higher than the control group far (22.21%); in GSH this group, after oral administration Chinese multiherbal formula beverage, the GSH content in liver had significance increase (26.16%).Synthesizes above result to be possible to know, adjusts the liver Chinese multiherbal formula beverage besides including the richly functional properties, but also may further adjust outside the physiological constitutional effect, and may protect the liver receives when the damage its internal repair and maintenance condition. Therefore this research except the development adjustment liver Chinese multiherbal formula beverage, and analyzes its functional properties content, discusses the Chinese multiherbal formula beverage regarding to guarantee the liver function improvement mechanism.

中文摘要 1
英文摘要 2
謝誌 4
目次 5
圖次 9
表次 10
第一章、文獻回顧 11
一、 草藥之簡介 12
1.中草藥簡介 12
(1) 枸杞 12
(2) 黃耆 12
(3) 山楂 12
(4) 刺五加 13
2.中草藥複方飲品之開發利用 15
二、肝臟生理代謝與病理 16
1.肝臟之簡介 16
2.肝臟損傷機制 18
3.中草藥治療肝癌之機制 19
三、四氯化碳 21
四、水飛薊素 24
第二章、中草藥複方飲品開發及機能特性之分析 26
摘要 27
前言 28
實驗架構 30
材料與方法 31
一、 實驗材料及儀器 31
1. 原料： 31
2. 試藥 31
3. 儀器 32
二、 保肝中草藥複方飲品之製程 33
1. 清洗 33
2. 浸漬 33
3. 攪打磨碎 34
4. 加熱熬煮及定量 34
5. 進行充填 34
6. 密封 34
7. 殺菌 34
8. 冷卻並擦罐 34
三、 一般組成份之分析 34
1. 水分含量之測定 34
2. 粗蛋白質含量之測定 34
3. 粗脂肪含量之測定 35
4. 粗纖維含量之測定 35
5. 粗灰分含量之測定 35
6. 無氮化合物 (Nitrogen free extract, N. F. E) 含量之測定 36
四、 微量元素之分析 36
1. 樣品分解 36
2. 標準溶液配製 36
3. 測定方法 36
五、 消費者型感官品評試驗 36
六、 機能性成分含量測定 37
1. 總酚含量測定 37
2. 類黃酮含量測定 37
3. 類超氧岐化&;#37238;活性測定 37
4. 粗多醣含量分析 37
5. 粗三&;#33820;類含量分析 38
6. 粗皂素含量測定 38
七、 抗氧化能力測定 38
1. 樣品製備 38
2. 清除DPPH自由機能力測定 38
3. 清除ABTS+能力測定 39
八、 指標性成分測定 39
1. Betaine 39
2. Formononetin 39
3. Luteolin 40
4. Saponin 40
九、 酚酸及類黃酮化合物之分析與定量 41
十、 儲存試驗 42
十一、 統計分析 42
結果與討論 43
一、 中草藥複方之一般組成分析 43
二、 中草藥複方礦物質元素之含量 43
三、 中草藥複方飲品感官品評結果 47
四、 中草藥複方之總酚類黃酮含量 49
五、 中草藥複方經不同溶劑萃取之 DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) 自由基清除能力 49
六、 中草藥複方經不同溶劑萃取之 ABTS+. 自由基清除能力 51
七、 中草藥複方之粗皂&;#33527;、粗三&;#33820;、粗多醣及 SOD-like 活性 54
1. 中草藥複方粗皂&;#33527;含量分析 54
2. 中草藥複方粗三&;#33820;含量分析 54
3. 中草藥複方粗多醣含量分析 56
4. 中草藥複方 SOD-like 活性 56
八、 中草藥複方之指標成分 Betaine、Formononetin 、 Luteolin 、Saponin 含量分析 56
1. Betaine 56
2. Formononetin 58
3. Luteolin 58
4. Saponin 58
九、 中草藥複方水萃之酚酸及類黃酮化合物分析 59
十、 中草藥複方飲品於儲藏時間物性之變化 59
1. 可溶性固形物及鹽度分析 59
2. pH值及真空度分析 60
3. 色澤測定 60
十一、 中草藥複方飲品於儲藏時間總酚及類黃酮含量之變化 61
1. 總酚含量測定 61
十二、 中草藥複方飲品於儲藏時間微生物之變化 62
十三、 中草藥複方飲品於儲藏時間指標性成分含量之變化 63
結論 65
第三章、 中草藥複方飲品保肝作用 66
摘要 67
前言 68
實驗架構 69
材料與方法 70
一、 實驗材料及儀器 70
1. 樣品 70
2. 試藥 70
3. 儀器 70
4.試驗菌株 71
5.試驗細胞株 71
二、 安全性試驗 72
1. 毒性試驗 72
2. 致突變性試驗 72
三、 對大鼠肝細胞Clone 9的毒性試驗 72
1. 細胞培養 72
2. 細胞毒性試驗 73
四、 試驗動物： 73
五、 飼育管理： 73
六、 護肝試驗 74
1. 四氯化碳誘發肝臟損傷 74
2. 體重測定 74
3. 血液及肝臟樣品前處理 74
4. 血清轉氨酵素活性分析 74
5. 肝臟脂質過氧化含量之分析 74
6. 抗氧化功能相關之成分或酵素活性之分析： 75
7. 肝臟之脂過氧化分析 75
8. 麩胱甘&;#32957;相關酵素活性測定 76
9. 蛋白質含量分析 77
結果與討論 78
一、 中草藥複方水萃物對鼠傷寒沙門桿菌之安全性試驗 78
1.毒性試驗 78
2.致突變性試驗 78
二、 中草藥複方對大鼠肝細胞 Clone 9 之毒性試驗 78
三、 中草藥複方水萃物對 CCl4 誘發大鼠肝臟損傷之體重與肝臟變化 影響 82
四、中草藥複方水萃物對CCl4 誘發大鼠肝臟損傷之血清轉氨酵素活性影響 84
五、中草藥複方水萃物對 CCl4 誘發大鼠肝臟損傷之三酸甘油脂和膽固醇之含量 87
六、中草藥複方水萃物對對 CCl4 誘發大鼠肝臟損傷其肝臟中 MDA生成量之影響 90
七、中草藥複方水萃物對 CCl4 誘發大鼠肝臟損傷其抗氧化酵素活之影響 90
八、中草藥複方水萃物對 CCl4 誘發大鼠肝臟損傷其紅血球中麩胱甘&;#32957;氧化還原酵素 (GPx及GRd) 活性之影響 97
九、 中草藥複方水萃物對 CCl4 誘發大鼠肝臟損傷其肝臟中麩胱甘 97
結論 103
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