臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討幽默畫之臉部「變形」與增加「情緒特徵物」對幽默程度的影響，進行「ERP、ERSP」之研究。研究目的(1)文獻探討幽默理論與繪畫技法的關係。(2)調查分析巴西的皮拉西卡巴幽默插畫競賽得獎作品與幽默繪畫技法趨勢。(3)腦波實驗探討臉部「變形大/小」與增加「正/負情緒特徵物」對幽默程度的影響。希冀研究結果能夠作為畫家繪製幽默繪畫的參考依據。研究發現：
a. 經文獻探討了解幽默理論分為生理釋放理論、心理優勢理論、認知失諧解惑理論，且在繪畫的流派中，畫家常使用變形與增加特徵物的方式來形塑風格，且增加情緒特徵物觀者會因情感的反射產生情緒起伏，因此幽默繪畫可分為臉部「變形大/小」、增加「正/負情緒特徵物」技法。
b. 幽默得獎作品調查發現角色變形分為尺寸比例擴大/縮小、輪廓線條簡化、特徵部件增加/減少、造型扭曲4種技法，並分成15個技法組合。另歸納一件作品使用1~3種技法組合，且運用3種以上的技法組合少見於一件作品之中，以變形尺寸比例擴大/縮小、增加正情緒特徵物為主流。
c. 行為問項發現臉部變形大在幽默率有顯著差異。ERP分析臉部變形大喚起較大的N270, N400, 600-800波段有顯著差異，與認知失諧解惑理論相關。ERSP分析臉部變形大/小喚起與幽默相關的前扣帶皮層、頂葉區和與惡作劇相關的後扣帶皮層的Theta頻帶、在邊緣系統喚起Theta頻帶有顯著差異。
d. 在行為問項發現臉部增加正情緒特徵物在幽默率有顯著差異。ERP分析臉部增加負情緒特徵物喚起較大N1250-1400波段有顯著差異，與新穎、洞察相關。ERSP分析臉部增加正/負情緒特徵物喚起與幽默相關的前扣帶皮層、頂葉區，和與惡作劇相關的後扣帶皮層之Theta頻帶有顯著差異，在與下巴運動相關的運動區喚起Alpha頻帶有顯著差異。
e. ERP分析發現臉部變形與增加情緒特徵物的交互作用無顯著差異，幽默雖然屬於複雜的結構，但繪製幽默繪畫使用臉部變形技法或增加情緒特徵物技法擇一即可以造成幽默的效果。

The study is to discuss the impact of adding facial deformations and affective features on the degree of humor in ERP & ERSP. Objectives: (1) Literature review for humor theory and drawing techniques. (2) Survey of Brazil Piracicaba International Humor Illustration Contest winners and the drawing techniques trend. (3) To investigate the impact of facial "large / small deformation" and additional "positive / negative features" on level of humor via Electroencephalography experiment. The main findings are:
a. The literature review covers the theory of humor - the Relief theory of physiological, the Superiority Theory of psychological, and the Incongruity Resolution Theory of cognitive. Techniques of humor drawings can be divided into facial "large / small deformation ", additional "positive / negative features”.
b. Humor Contest Winners survey found that the role of deformation can be categorized into 4 techniques, including element transformation, contour simplification, adding emotional elements, and distortion, which sum up to 15 combinations. An artwork usually adopts 1-3 kinds of techniques. Element transformation via magnification or minification and adding positive affective feature are the mainstream.
c. In behavior result, large facial deformations elicited greater feelings of humor. Analysis of ERP showed that there were significant differences with respect to facial deformation at N270, N400, and N600–800. The results are related to the role of Incongruity Resolution Theory processes. ERSP analysis revealed that facial deformation elicited theta-band , which showed significant differences in the parietal lobe, anterior and posterior cingulate cortices, limbic system.
d. In behavior result, the addition of positive affective features elicited greater feelings of humor. Analysis of ERP showed that there were significant differences with respect to additional affective features at N1250–1400. The results are related to the role of novelty. ERSP analysis revealed that additional affective features elicited theta-band, which showed significant differences in the parietal lobe, anterior/posterior cingulate cortices and alpha-band in motor lobe.
e. The interaction between facial deformation and additional affective features is no significant difference. Although humor is complex structure, but drawing humorous painting using facial deformation or additional affective features techniques could present humorous effect.

摘要 4
圖表索引 9
第1章 緒論 11
1.1 研究背景與動機 11
1.2 研究目的 12
1.3 研究相關名詞釋義 12
1.4 研究範圍與限制 13
1.5 研究流程 15
第2章 文獻探討 16
2.1 幽默理論 16
2.2 幽默繪畫 17
2.3 臉部變形繪畫 18
2.4 具情緒特徵物的臉部繪畫 22
2.5 幽默相關腦波研究 25
第3章 研究方法 26
3.1 實驗架構 26
3.2 腦波實驗設計 27
3.3 腦波實驗步驟 30
3.4 腦波資料處理與數據分析方法 32
第4章 實驗結果與討論 35
4.1 行為數據結果與討論 35
4.2 腦波ERP結果與討論 37
4.2.1 「N270」波段 37
4.2.2 「N400」波段 41
4.2.3 「N600-800」波段 44
4.2.4 「N1250-1400」波段 56
4.3 ERSP結果與討論 58
4.3.1 變形之ERSP分析 59
4.3.2 增加情緒特徵物之ERSP分析 62
4.3.3 腦波總分析 66
第5章 結論與建議 68
5.1 結論 68
5.2 後續研究建議 69
參考文獻 71
附錄 78

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