臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

目的：本研究有兩項目地，其一建立是一套預應式與循環式的作業環境風險評估模式，並針對汽車製造業評估汽車製程中各單元操作之作業環境風險。其二是針對噪音為汽車製程中最為普遍的噪音危害因子探討汽車製程中高噪音暴露對員工血壓造成的影響。方法：本研究作業環境風險評估的模式是參考英國標準局(BSI)BS8800的風險評估與美國工業衛生協會(AIHA)的暴露評估策略所的架構，依危害的健康效應、暴露程度、危害發生可能率與暴露人數等因素，以二進位方式分成3∼4等級，計算並分類出5個作業環境風險等級。我們並且將此模式應用於國內一家汽車製造業，利用現場訪視、直讀式儀器測定與資料收集，評估該製造廠內共6個製造部門35個單元操作的作業環境風險。在噪音與血壓研究上，我們選擇該汽車製造廠工作時噪音暴露八小時時量平均大於70dBA的15位男性員工為噪音暴露組，以及低於40dBA的男性員工為非噪音暴露組，並且以心脈儀(DynaPulse)與噪音劑量計連續性測量研究對象上、下班的血壓與噪音暴露情形，再結合問卷調查資料及適當的統計分析來瞭解噪音暴露對血壓的急性效應。結果：本研究所使用之作業環境風險評估模式(NTU-WRA)相較其他模式更具邏輯性與量化性。在汽車製造廠的6個製造部門35個單元操作中，以車身工場的電磁場為風險最高，達嚴重風險。其他屬於高度風險的有壓造工場、引擎工場、車身工場、油漆工場與車裝工場的噪音，引擎工場與車裝工場的振動，以及機械工場的金屬加工液。在噪音與血壓的研究上，我們發現急性噪音會造成暴露組的收縮壓與平均動脈壓顯著高於非暴露組。而在控制年齡、BMI與飲酒後，發現收縮壓、舒張壓與平均壓跟工作時噪音間有正相關的趨勢。

Objective：We have two objectives in this study. First, we will develop a model to perform proactive and cyclic risk assessments in workplace. We will also apply such a model to an automobile manufacturing plant. Second, we will investigate the relationship between blood pressure and occupational noise exposure for automobile manufacturing workers. Method：The framework of the National Taiwan University Workplace Risk Assessment model (NTU-WRA) was beads on the British risk assessment guideline (BS8800) and American Industrial Hygiene Association’s (AIHA) exposure assessment guideline, which quantitatively ranks health risks in workplace by integrating the health effect of hazard, exposure levels, likelihood and the number of workers in individual operational units. In our model, we calculate risk index from the above 4 factors based on an order-of-2 classification system. An automobile manufacturing plant with 6 department and 35 operational units was used as an example to test the applications of the NTU-WRA. We selected 15 male workers with noise exposures greater than 70 dBA and 5 male workers with noise with noise exposures less than 40 dBA in an auto industry to investigate the relationship between noise and blood pressure. DynaPulse continuously monitored worker’s ambulatory blood pressure for 24 hours. Logging Noise Dose Meter continuously monitored worker’s noise exposure levels for 16 hours. Linear regression models were used to analyze the data with confounding factors being controlled. Results: The NTU-WRA is a risk assessment model with sound logics and good quantitative capability. Among 35 operational units in the 6 departments, the NTU-WRA ranked a serious risk of EMF for the body shop. The model ranked high risks for noise in the stamp, engine, body shop, paint and assembly shops, for vibration in the engine and assembly shops, and for metal working fluid in the machine shop. For the relationship between occupational noise and blood pressure, we found systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in male workers with occupational noise exposure were significantly higher than with non-occupational noise exposure.

第一章 緒論
1.1研究背景與動機
1.2研究目的
第二章 文獻探討5
2.1職業安全衛生管理系統5
2.1.1 BS88005
2.1.2 OHSAS180018
2.2 BS8800的風險評估與AIHA暴露評估策略9
2.2.1 BS8800的風險評估9
2.2.2 AIHA暴露評估策略13
2.3 汽車製程與相關危害17
2.3.1 鍛造與鑄造17
2.3.2 壓造17
2.3.3 車身裝配18
2.3.4 引擎製造與裝配19
2.3.5 塗裝20
2.3.6 車裝21
2.3.7 檢驗22
2.4 國內汽車製造業職業傷病調查與研究23
2.5 血壓與噪音之相關研究24
2.5.1噪音引起血管效應之探討24
2.5.2 員工血壓與作業場所噪音關係之探討25
第三章 材料與方法28
3.1 作業環境風險評估28
3.1.1作業環境風險評估設計28
3.1.2作業環境風險評估之執行36
3.2 血壓與噪音測量37
3.2.1 族群選定37
3.2.2 使用工具與收集資料37
3.2.3 血壓與噪音測定之執行38
3.2.4 統計分析38
第四章結果39
4.1 汽車製造業作業環境風險評估39
4.1.1 某汽車製造工廠作業環境安全衛生狀況概述39
4.1.2 某汽車製造工廠各製造部門單元操作之健康危害40
4.1.3某汽車製造工廠各製造部門單元操作之健康危害風險情形45
4.1.4 某汽車製造工廠作業環境噪音暴露情形54
4.2 噪音暴露與員工血壓56
4.2.1 某汽車製造業20位受測者年齡與2000年健康檢查結果56
4.2.2 某汽車製造業20位受測者生活及飲食習慣調查56
4.2.3 某汽車製造業20位受測者之噪音暴露與血壓關係59
第五章 討論與建議69
5.1 本研究建立之作業環境風險評估的討論69
5.1.1某汽車製造工廠製造部門現場訪視結果建議69
5.1.2某汽車製造工廠進行本研究之作業環境風險評估的討論與建議69
5.1.3本研究建立的作業環境風險評估模式的優點與限制76
5.2 某汽車製造工廠員工噪音暴露與血壓關係之討論78
附錄一85
附錄二88
文獻98

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