臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

因使用了大量的石化燃料，近幾年可明顯感受到氣候強烈異常，許多無法預料的大災難隨之而來，不僅嚴重打擊經濟，更威脅到人們的生命財產，為了解決全球暖化及溫室效應，研發出氫氣燃料進而取代石化燃料，期盼更環保的能源，使我們共同生活的地球，能夠永續發展。
本文鑒於溫室效應的嚴重性，應用引擎內燃機運轉模擬套裝軟體GT-Power，模擬目前噴射引擎(Intake Port Injection Engine)中使用石化燃料與氫氣燃料的運轉情況，再應用軟體GT-Post分析討論兩種燃料運轉後所排放的氣體、內燃機的熱傳效率及引擎輸出功率，其中氫引擎運轉時幾乎接近零排放汙染，並且氮氧化物的生成量相較於汽油引擎，少了約1000PPM，但是透過實驗結果發現，在相同的條件下，由於氫氣與汽油的質量密度不同，造成氫氣單位混和體積的熱值比汽油低，致使氫引擎的輸出功率約為汽油引擎的百分之八十，喪失些微的動力換取更節能環保的環境，想必人們也必須在這之中做取捨。

Abnormal climate changes have been noticed increasingly because of various catastrophic phenomena attributable to the intensive use of fossil fuels. Abnormal climate changes have led to the occurrence of numerous unanticipated catastrophes, which severely influence the economy and threaten people’s lives and properties. To address global warming and the greenhouse effect, this study proposes using hydrogen fuel as an alternative to fossil fuels, which can serve as an ecofriendly energy source to protect the earth’s resources and render the earth a sustainable living place.
Considering the severity of the greenhouse effect, this study applied GT-Power, a simulation software which can be used to simulate the operation of internal combustion engines, to mimic the performance of common intake port injection engines fueled by fossil fuels and hydrogen. Subsequently, GT-Post software was used to analyze the exhaust gas emission, heat transfer efficiency, and power output of the simulated engines. The results revealed that the operation of the hydrogen-fueled engine emitted nearly zero emission pollutants. Moreover, the hydrogen-fueled engine emitted 1000 ppm less nitrogen oxides than did the gasoline-fueled engine. However, under the same operating condition, the hydrogen-fueled engine produced lower heat values per unit volume than did the gasoline-fueled engine because of the density difference between hydrogen and gasoline. Therefore, the power output of the hydrogen-fueled engine was approximately 80% of that of the gasoline-fueled engine. In this context, people must trade-off between engine power output and maintaining an energy-saving ecofriendly environment.

目錄
摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
致謝 IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XI
符號說明 XII
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 前言 1
1-2 研究動機 2
1-3 研究方向 3
1-4 文獻回顧 4
1-5 論文架構 5
第二章 研究理論與方法 7
2-1內燃機原理 8
2-2 汽油引擎與氫引擎 9
2-2-1 汽油引擎（Gasoline Engines） 9
2-2-2氫燃料引擎（Hydrogen Engine） 10
2-3 GT-Power 核心演算法 11
2-4 引擎熱釋放率探討 15
2-5 探討項目分析 17
2-5-1 制動扭矩 (Brake torque) 17
2-5-2 指示平均有效壓力 (IMEP，Indicated Mean Effective Pressure) 17
2-5-3當量比 (Equivalence Ratio) 18
2-5-4 SOI BTDC (Start of injection，Before Top Dead Center) 19
2-5-5 曲軸角度(Crank Angle) 19
2-5-6 熱傳遞率(Heat Transfer Rate) 20
2-5-7 熱通量 (Heat Flux) 20
2-5-8 熱傳係數 (Heat Transfer Coefficient) 20
2-6 引擎燃料性質 20
2-6-1 汽油應用性質 21
2-6-2 氫氣應用性質 22
2-7 燃料燃燒分析 23
2-7-1 汽油燃燒分析 24
2-7-2 氫氣燃燒分析 24
2-8引擎燃料空燃比比討論 25
2-8-1 氫氣引擎燃料空燃比討論 25
2-8-2 氫氣引擎點火正時討論 25
2-9 研究方法 26
第三章 結果與討論 32
3-1 GT-Power 套裝軟體介紹 33
3-1-1 前處理 33
3-1-2 軟體運算 34
3-1-3 後處理 (GT-Post) 35
3-2 汽缸壓力分析 35
3-3 汽缸溫度分析 36
3-4 廢氣排放物 36
3-4-1 一氧化碳生成量(CO) 37
3-4-2 二氧化碳生成量 (CO2) 37
3-4-3氮氧化物生成量 (NOx) 37
3-4-4 H2O生成量 38
3-5 制動扭矩分析 (Brake Torque) 38
3-6 熱傳遞率分析 (Heat Transfer Rate) 38
3-7 熱傳係數分析 (Heat Transfer Coefficient) 39
3-8 熱釋放率分析 (Heat Release Rate) 39
3-9 熱通量分析(Heat Flux) 40
第四章 結論與未來展望 51
4-1 結論 51
4-2 未來展望 52
參考文獻 54
 
圖目錄
圖2-1四行程單缸SI氫引擎與進/排氣系統的模擬架構 28
圖2-2 氫引擎 空燃比與熱效率關係圖 29
圖2-3 The variations of operational limits pre-ignition with
compression ratio changes 30
圖2-4 氫氣引擎燃料當量比與引擎壓縮比對於點火正時之影響 31
圖3-1 引擎流程圖 34
圖3-2 EngCylGeom(汽缸參數) 41
圖3-3 汽油引擎Model噴油嘴參數 41
圖3-4 軟體中汽油燃料的定義參數 42
圖3-5 氫氣引擎Model噴油嘴參數 42
圖3-6 軟體中氫氣燃料的定義參數 43
圖3-7 Model Case Setup 43
圖3-8 GT-Power運算完成結果 44
圖3-9 2000 RPM汽缸壓力 44
圖3-10 2000 RPM 汽缸溫度 45
圖3-11 2000 RPM 一氧化碳生成量 45
圖3-12 2000 RPM 一氧化碳生成量比較圖 46
圖3-13 2000 RPM 二氧化碳生成量 46
圖3-14 2000 RPM NOX反應生成量 47
圖3-15 2000 RPM H2O生成量 47
圖3-16 2000 RPM 制動扭矩 48
圖3-17 2000 RPM 熱傳遞率 48
圖3-18 2000 RPM 熱傳係數 49
圖3-19 2000 RPM 熱釋放率 49
圖3-20 轉速2000 RPM 熱通量 50

 
表目錄
表 2-1 PROTON CamPro引擎內燃機規格 27
表2-2 進/排氣歧管規格 27
表2-3 氫氣與汽油的性質對照表 28

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