臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討 單一批次反應槽中 (SBR) (SBR)，結合 ，結合 ，結合 部分硝化及厭氧氨氮氧化及脫硝技術 (SNAD) 於不同水力停留時間 於不同水力停留時間 於不同水力停留時間 於不同水力停留時間 於不同水力停留時間 於不同水力停留時間 於不同水力停留時間 於不同水力停留時間 於不同水力停留時間 (HRT) (HRT) 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 對於氨氮去除效率與經濟最適化之 影響。 影響。 在 SNAD 技術中先進行部分硝化作用，將氨氮硝化成亞硝酸鹽氮，剩餘氨氮再與亞硝酸鹽氮經由 Anammox 菌作用轉化為氮氣，而同時產生之硝酸鹽氮，與缺氧性脫硝菌進行脫硝作用，消耗水中有機物質。SNAD技術的優點為能在單一反應槽同時去除水中含氮化合物及有機物質，省去以往需經由兩個反應槽才能達到硝化脫硝之目的。
研究 結果顯示 當 HRT 從 9 d 降至 3 d時，氨氮及化學需氧量 (COD) 去除效率則達極限。另外，隨著 pH、曝氣及溫度低於正常操作範圍時，氨氮及 COD 去除效率也隨之降低。在 HRT 9 d 時，氨氮及 COD 其去除效率分別為 96% 及 87%，為本研究之最佳操作水力停留時間。最後，本文中也利用化學計量方程式及模式來推估氨氮去除，在部分硝化、厭氧氨氧化及脫硝之間的比例，結果顯示有85-87% 的總氮是經由結合部分硝化及厭氧氨氧化作用所去除，而脫硝作用去除比例則占7-9%。反應槽中菌種鑑定則利用分子生物檢驗法:螢光原味雜交法 (FISH) 及定量聚合酵素鏈鎖反應 (qPCR qPCR) 分析污泥中菌相 。SNAD 系統對基質的負荷反應及操作條件另可藉由敏感性指標 (sensitive index) 來做評估。研究結 果能作為提供 各污水處理廠未來實操作改善或增設除氮施之參考。

Abstract
To decrease the cost of nitrogen removal process, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) was developed and coupled with partial nitrification. However, significant quantity of nitrate released from anammox process (10%) is toxic to aquatic environment. Recently, simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox and denitrification (SNAD) process was developed in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) and the influence of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the SNAD process was investigated in this study. Around 96% NH4+-N removal and 87% COD removal were observed at 9 d HRT. Marginal decrease in the removal efficiencies were observed when the HRT was reduced to 3 d or the loading rate was increased by 3 times. On the other hand, a drastic decrease in NH4+-N and COD removals were observed when the DO, pH and temperature were dropped shockingly. The response of the SNAD system towards the shock in substrate loading and operating conditions was evaluated by sensitivity index. Finally, the extent of total nitrogen (TN) removal by partial nitrification with anammox and denitrification was modeled using stoichiometric relationship. Modeling results indicated a TN removal of 85-87% by anammox with partial nitrification and 7-9% by denitrification. The bacterial diversity in the reactor was also investigated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) techniques.

Contents
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
誌謝 IV
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
Chapter 2 Literature Review 4
2.1 Introduction 4
2.2 Nitrogen pollutants - sources and their impact on environment 5
2.3 Conventional biological technologies for nitrogen removal 6
2.4 Novel biological processes for nitrogen removal 8
2.4.1 Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) 8
2.4.2 Single reactor High activity Ammonia Removal over Nitrite (SHARON) 12
2.4.4 Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen Removal over Nitrite (CANON) 14
2.4.5 Oxygen-Limited Autotrophic Nitrification–Denitrification (OLAND) 15
2.4.6 Simultaneous partial Nitrification, ANAMMOX and Denitrification (SNAD) 16
2.5 Simultaneous anoxic ammonium removal with sulphidogenesis 17
2.6 Comparison of conventional and novel biological nitrogen removal processes 18
Chapter 3 Material and Methods 21
3.1 Synthetic wastewater 21
3.2 Inoculation sludge 21
3.3 Experimental methods and design 22
3.3.1 Reactor system and experimental set up 22
3.3.2 Analytical methods 25
3.3.3 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and qPCR 25
3.3.4 Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) 26
3.3.5 Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (TRFLP) 26
Chapter 4 Result and Discussion 28
4.1 Profiles of pH and DO 28
4.2 Nitrogen and COD removals under various HRTs 29
4.3 Model based evaluation of SNAD 36
4.4 Comparison between full-scale SNAD system with lab-scale SNAD system 41
4.5 Diversity of the bacterial community in SNAD system 45
Chapter 5 Conclusion 51
References 52

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