臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

藉由勞工血中鉛濃度與氣媒鉛塵暴露濃度之相關性研究，探討除了氣媒鉛塵暴露濃度之外，其他可能影響血中鉛濃度高低的因子，並依據這些因子對勞工進行教育訓練及輔導改善後，觀察高血鉛勞工血鉛值之變化情形，並依據分析結果探討以氣媒鉛塵暴露濃度做為鉛暴露指標應考慮的要件為何。
本研究以具代表性的鉛蓄電池製造工廠勞工為研究對象，研究對象分為兩群，一為具有實際氣媒鉛塵濃度測量值的勞工，另一群勞工之氣媒鉛塵暴露濃度則是以相似暴露族群概念推估而得。除了運用氣媒鉛塵暴露濃度測定資料外，另結合其血鉛資料及問卷資料進行分析，由兩者的分析結果發現勞工之血中鉛濃度與氣媒鉛塵暴露濃度、工作年資、抽煙習慣呈現顯著正相關，而與防護具之使用及洗手習慣等因子呈現顯著負相關，就整體分析結果而言，兩個族群者之差異性並不大。
而後依據資料分析結果，選擇影響血鉛值高低的主要因子如防護具使用情形、個人生活衛生習慣等項目，對105位高血鉛勞工進行輔導並定期追蹤，經過四個多月後再進行血中鉛濃度量測，發現高血鉛人數由原先的105位降低至62位，這樣的結果足以說明經過研究分析結果找出影響因子後進行控制，確實能有效降低勞工之鉛暴露危害。因此，當我們以氣媒鉛塵暴露濃度做為勞工鉛暴露的指標，必須確實瞭解勞工個人之相關資訊，如其防護具配戴情形、個人衛生習慣等，方可正確的評估其鉛暴露狀況為何。

Lead poison has been considered as one of the occupation hazard for lead-acid battery workers. The studies investigating the relationship between the lead dust concentration in the enviroment and the blood lead concentration of the workers have shown that other factors might play an important role in modulating the blood lead concentration in those workers. Those workers are then educated about how and why these identified factors may endanger to their health and follow-up studies are carried out as well. During the process, the workers with high blood lead concentrations are monitored and the changes in the blood lead concentration are analyzed. The results are subsequently used to investigate how the airborne lead concentration can be used as an index for lead exposure.
This study is focused on the labors who work in a major battery manufacture. The labors are divided into two different groups. The first group is defined by measuring the real airborne lead concentration in the working environment. The second group is defined by estimating the airborne lead exposure concentration. In addition to measuring the level of lead dust these workers are exposed to, the information obtained from the blood lead concentration of those workers and a survey are also used. Based on the results of these analyses, we found that the blood lead concentration of the workers is positively correlated with the lead dust concentration in the environment and the length of exposure and whether the workers smoke or not. However, there was a negative correlation between the blood lead concentration of the workers and the usage of personal protection equipments or personal hygiene. Generally, this study did not find any significant difference between these two groups.
Based on our data analysis, we identified some factors that might affect the blood lead concentration such as the use of a personal protection equipment or personal hygiene. To empirically test the effects of these factors on the level of blood lead concentration, this study recruited 105 workers who have high blood lead concentration. These workers were educated about how these identified factors may endanger to their health. Four months later, the number of workers with high blood lead concentration has reduced to 62 persons. This study supports that it is feasible to reduce the risk of exposing to lead if all these risks factors can be identified and controlled. To sum up, the risk of exposing to lead dust can be reduced, if the focus is placed on the idiosyncrasy of the workers such as personal hygiene and whether the personal protection equipment was wear appropriately.
Lead poison has been considered as one of the occupation hazard for lead-acid battery workers. The studies investigating the relationship between the lead dust concentration in the enviroment and the blood lead concentration of the workers have shown that other factors might play an important role in modulating the blood lead concentration in those workers. Those workers are then educated about how and why these identified factors may endanger to their health and follow-up studies are carried out as well. During the process, the workers with high blood lead concentrations are monitored and the changes in the blood lead concentration are analyzed. The results are subsequently used to investigate how the airborne lead concentration can be used as an index for lead exposure.
This study is focused on the labors who work in a major battery manufacture. The labors are divided into two different groups. The first group is defined by measuring the real airborne lead concentration in the working environment. The second group is defined by estimating the airborne lead exposure concentration. In addition to measuring the level of lead dust these workers are exposed to, the information obtained from the blood lead concentration of those workers and a survey are also used. Based on the results of these analyses, we found that the blood lead concentration of the workers is positively correlated with the lead dust concentration in the environment and the length of exposure and whether the workers smoke or not. However, there was a negative correlation between the blood lead concentration of the workers and the usage of personal protection equipments or personal hygiene. Generally, this study did not find any significant difference between these two groups.
Based on our data analysis, we identified some factors that might affect the blood lead concentration such as the use of a personal protection equipment or personal hygiene. To empirically test the effects of these factors on the level of blood lead concentration, this study recruited 105 workers who have high blood lead concentration. These workers were educated about how these identified factors may endanger to their health. Four months later, the number of workers with high blood lead concentration has reduced to 62 persons. This study supports that it is feasible to reduce the risk of exposing to lead if all these risks factors can be identified and controlled. To sum up, the risk of exposing to lead dust can be reduced, if the focus is placed on the idiosyncrasy of the workers such as personal hygiene and whether the personal protection equipment was wear appropriately.

摘 要 I
ABSTRACT III
圖 目 錄 III
表 目 錄 V
第一章、緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第二章、文獻回顧 4
第一節 鉛的基本介紹 4
第二節 鉛的暴露途徑及毒理動力學 5
第三節 鉛的生物指標 7
第四節 氣媒鉛塵暴露濃度之採樣分析方法 9
第五節 血中鉛濃度與氣媒鉛塵濃度相關性探討 10
第三章 研究方法與步驟 13
第一節 研究架構 13
第二節 研究對象之選取 14
第三節 勞工血中鉛濃度採樣及分析方法 15
一、血液樣本蒐集 16
二、血中鉛濃度測定之分析方法 16
第四節 氣媒鉛塵暴露濃度採樣策略及分析方法 21
一、氣媒鉛塵暴露之採樣策略 21
二、氣媒鉛塵暴露之採樣及分析方法 22
第五節 問卷訪查 30
第六節 資料統計分析 31
一、基本描述性分析 31
二、統計分析方法 31
第七節 工廠改善輔導及成效分析 32
第四章 結 果 33
第一節 氣媒鉛塵濃度與血中鉛濃度之相關性探討 33
一、以實測氣媒鉛塵濃度與血中鉛濃度之相關性探討 34
二、以相似暴露群推估氣媒鉛塵濃度與血中鉛濃之相關性探討 67
第二節 輔導改善後勞工血中鉛濃度變化探討 100
一、輔導過程說明 101
二、血中鉛濃度變化結果 103
第五章 討論 106
第一節 血中鉛濃度與氣媒鉛塵濃度相關模式探討 106
第二節 以實測值及以相似暴露群推估之氣媒鉛塵濃度與血中鉛之
相關性結果比較 108
第六章 結論與建議 113
參考文獻 115

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