臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本實驗是利用改變球化劑添加量（0.19∼0.94wt％）、接種劑添加量（0.4∼1wt％）、重力倍數（70∼110G）、澆鑄溫度（1350∼1420℃）、碳當量（4.08∼4.52wt％）等實驗參數，以探討製程參數對金屬模離心鑄造縮墨鑄鐵顯微組織及機械性質的影響。在得到較佳的縮墨鑄鐵金屬模離心鑄造的製程參數後，利用合金設計方法產生TiC強化顆粒，進行內表層TiC濃度梯度分佈之縮墨鑄鐵基複合材料的研製，改變鈦含量（0∼0.54wt％）、澆鑄溫度（1349∼1394℃）、重力倍數（70∼110G）與接種劑添加量（1∼1.4wt％）並利用顯微結構觀察及定量金相量測，來探討鈦含量與製程參數，對縮墨鑄鐵中TiC的量、大小、雪明探鐵量及基地組織的影響。同時，亦將利用拉伸、衝擊與硬度之測試，瞭解TiC對金屬模離心鑄造縮墨鑄鐵管的強化效果。
實驗結果顯示，殘鎂量在0.013∼0.023wt％時，均可獲得良好的縮狀石墨，當殘鎂量為0.018wt％時，縮墨率最高，可達77.9％；重力倍數與澆鑄溫度亦會對縮墨率造成影響。在澆鑄溫度為1384℃時，有最好的縮墨率，其值為60.1％，且可獲得無碳化物之縮墨鑄鐵管；而重力倍數為70G時有較高的縮墨率，其值為63.6％，而當重力倍數增加時，碳化物生成的傾向亦增加；而當矽含量增加時，可降低碳化物生成，增加基地肥粒鐵量，並使延伸率和衝擊值增加；接種劑添加量的增加，的確有減少碳化物生成的傾向。
在鈦鐵添加後，縮墨率有明顯增加的趨勢，由未添加時的77.9％增加至88％，且成功的鑄造出內表層具有TiC強化顆粒分佈之縮墨鑄鐵基複合材料，實驗發現TiC強化顆粒在縮墨鑄鐵管內呈梯度分佈，也就是內表層TiC的量最多，其次為鑄管中央，而外管壁之TiC量最少。重力倍數為70G時，TiC分佈的層帶厚度最厚，抗拉強度與降伏強度隨重力倍數的增加有約略上升的趨勢；而延伸率與衝擊值隨重力倍數的增加有些微下降的趨勢。澆鑄溫度對基地中石墨的形狀、石墨的面積分率、雪明碳鐵量、肥粒鐵量、波來鐵量與TiC量並沒有顯著的影響；在機械性質方面，抗拉強度、降伏強度與硬度值隨澆鑄溫度的增加而有先上升而後下降的趨勢；延伸率與衝擊值則隨澆鑄溫度的增加而有先下降而後上升的趨勢。接種劑添加量對TiC強化縮墨鑄鐵基複合材料基地中石墨的形狀、石墨的面積分率、雪明碳鐵量、肥粒鐵量、波來鐵量與TiC量並沒有顯著的影響。抗拉強度與降伏強度，隨接種劑添加量的增加而下降；延伸率與衝擊值則隨接種劑添加量的增加而有先上升而後些微下降的趨勢。

Abstract
The effect of process parameters, which include the amounts of spheroidizer (0.19~0.94wt%), the amount of inoculator (0.4~1.0wt%), the times gravity (70~110G), the pouring temperature (1350~1420℃),and the CE value (4.08~4.52%), on the microstructures and mechanical properties of centrifugally cast compacted graphite iron were studied. This data base were applied to develop compacted graphite iron based composite with concentration gradient distribution of TiC particles on the inner surface layer. Some process parameters will be investigated. They are titanium content (0~0.54wt%), the times gravity (70~110G), the pouring temperature (1349~1394℃), and the amount of inoculator (1.0~1.4wt%). The effect of process parameters on the amounts of TiC , microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated.
The results showed that the good compacted graphite shape can be obtained in the residual Mg content between 0.013~0.023wt%. When the residual Mg content at 0.018wt%, we can obtain the best vermicular graphite shape. The amount of carbide increases with increaseing times gravity. The tendency of carbide formation decreases with inccresing CE value. On the other hand, the amounts of ferrite , ductility, and tonghness have opposite tendency with CE values.
The results also revealed that the distribution of TiC particles in the radial direction is in the order of interior region > outside region . For the mechanical properties, the tensile strength increases with increasing the times gravity, but the tendency of ductility is contrary. The tensile strength decreases with increasing the amount of inoculator.

總目錄
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………………Ⅳ
總目錄…………………………………………………………………………… Ⅴ
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………… Ⅷ
表目錄……………………………………………………………………………ⅩⅢ
第一章 前言…………………………………………………………………………1
第二章 前人研究與理論基礎……………………………………………………3
2.1 金屬模離心鑄造…………………………………………………………3
2.1.1 重力倍數……………………………………………………………4
2.1.2 澆鑄溫度……………………………………………………………7
2.2 縮墨鑄鐵……………………………………………………………………7
2.2.1 殘鎂量………………………………………………………………9
2.2.2 接種處理……………………………………………………………12
2.2.3 碳當量………………………………………………………………13
2.2.4 縮墨鑄鐵的特性…………………………………………………13
2.3 複合材料…………………………………………………………………16
2.4 TiC的生成………………………………………………………………18
第三章 實驗方法與步驟…………………………………………………………23
3.1 縮墨鑄鐵及TiC強化縮墨鑄鐵基複合材料之製備……………………23
3.2 試片取樣…………………………………………………………………28
3.3 顯微組織觀察與分析……………………………………………………28
3.3.1 TiC鑑定……………………………………………………………28
3.3.2 顯微組織觀察………………………………………………………28
3.3.3 定量金相量測………………………………………………………30
3.4 機械性質分析……………………………………………………………31
3.4.1 拉伸試驗……………………………………………………………31
3.4.2 衝擊試驗……………………………………………………………31
3.4.3 硬度試驗……………………………………………………………34
第四章 結果與討論………………………………………………………………35
4.1 殘鎂量對離心鑄造縮狀石墨鑄鐵之影響………………………………35
4.1.1 殘鎂量對縮墨鑄鐵顯微組織的影響………………………………37
4.1.2 殘鎂量對縮墨鑄鐵機械性質的影響………………………………37
4.2 接種劑添加量對離心鑄造縮狀石墨鑄鐵之影響………………………43
4.2.1 接種劑添加量對縮墨鑄鐵顯微組織的影響………………………43
4.2.2 接種劑添加量對縮墨鑄鐵機械性質的影響………………………47
4.3 重力倍數對離心鑄造縮狀石墨鑄鐵之影響……………………………50
4.3.1 重力倍數對縮墨鑄鐵顯微組織的影響……………………………50
4.3.2 重力倍數對縮墨鑄鐵機械性質的影響……………………………54
4.4 澆鑄溫度對離心鑄造縮狀石墨鑄鐵之影響……………………………57
4.4.1 澆鑄溫度對縮墨鑄鐵顯微組織的影響……………………………57
4.4.2 澆鑄溫度對縮墨鑄鐵機械性質的影響……………………………60
4.5 矽含量及碳當量對離心鑄造縮狀石墨鑄鐵之影響……………………64
4.5.1 矽含量及碳當量對縮墨鑄鐵顯微組織的影響……………………64
4.5.2 矽含量及碳當量對縮墨鑄鐵機械性質的影響……………………67
4.6 鈦含量對離心鑄造TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料之影響………71
4.6.1 鈦含量對TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料顯微組織的影響....
……………………………………………………………………71
4.6.2 鈦含量對TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料機械性質的影響.
…………………………………………………………………… 80
4.7 重力倍數對離心鑄造TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料之影響……83
4.7.1 重力倍數對TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料顯微組織的影
響…………………………………………………………………83
4.7.2 重力倍數對TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料機械性質的影
響……………………………………………………………………89
4.8 澆鑄溫度對離心鑄造TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料之影響……91
4.8.1 澆鑄溫度對TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料顯微組織的影
響……………………………………………………………………91
4.8.2 澆鑄溫度對TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料機械性質的影
響…………………………………………………………………97
4.9 接種劑添加量對離心鑄造TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料之影
響…………………………………………………………………………99
4.9.1 接種劑添加量對TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料顯微組織
的影響……………………………………………………………99
4.9.2 接種劑添加量對TiC強化縮狀石墨鑄鐵基複合材料機械性質
的影響……………………………………………………………… 104
第五章 結論…………………………………………………………………… 107
第六章 參考文獻…………………………………………………………………..110

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