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研究生:洪熒璟
研究生(外文):Ying-Jing Hong
論文名稱:不同加工處理對小麥草抗氧化性質之影響
論文名稱(外文):Effect of processing conditions on the antioxidative properties of wheat grass
指導教授:賴麗旭賴麗旭引用關係
指導教授(外文):Lih-Shiuh Lai
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:靜宜大學
系所名稱:食品營養研究所
學門:醫藥衛生學門
學類:營養學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2003
畢業學年度:91
語文別:中文
論文頁數:104
中文關鍵詞:小麥草加工處理抗氧化性質殺菁殺菌
外文關鍵詞:sterilizationantioxidative propertieswheat grassprocessingblanching
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本研究目的在探討熱處理對小麥草汁與小麥草粉之抗氧化性質的影響。小麥草經殺菁(100℃,0-120秒)後,再行榨汁及殺菌(121℃,0-15分鐘),或經凍乾及磨粉處理而得小麥草粉以不同溶劑(水、50%酒精、95%酒精)萃取,測定DPPH自由基清除能力、超氧陰離子清除能力、還原力與總抗氧化能力等抗氧化性質,以及總酚類、總類黃酮化合物、葉綠素等抗氧化物質含量之變化。結果顯示,小麥草汁在DPPH自由基的清除能力上,均以經30秒殺菁處理者之能力較佳,且隨殺菌時間增加,其DPPH自由基清除能力較未經殺菁者高約15-30%;總酚類化合物含量測定結果則顯示,經30秒以上殺菁處理者,其總酚含量介於0.702-0.801 mg/ml,較未經殺菁或殺菌熱處理者(0.678 mg/ml)增加約3.5-18%。還原力方面,隨殺菌時間延長至15分鐘,小麥草汁欲達到相似的還原能力,例如吸光值約為2左右時的可溶性固形物(Brix)含量,僅為未經殺菌處理者的一半;總類黃酮化合物含量亦由未經殺菁處理組別之9.639-17.291 g/ml,增加至經30秒以上殺菁處理之組別的14.750-38.329 g/ml。小麥草於清除超氧陰離子的測定結果發現,經殺菁處理所得之小麥草汁皆不具有清除超氧陰離子的能力,但未經殺菁處理的組別即使經殺菌後依然具有此能力,且以經過殺菌者(5-15 min)較好。總抗氧化能力測定上,經殺菁再殺菌5-10分鐘處理之小麥草汁有較好之抗氧化能力,約為42.0-42.8%,高於未殺菁而直接殺菌處理5-10分鐘的29.1-31.8%。葉綠素的含量雖有隨殺菁及殺菌時間延長而下降之趨勢,但小麥草榨之前適度的殺菁處理,卻有利於小麥草汁於後續之殺菌處理中保有較多的葉綠素。
小麥草之水萃取液在DPPH自由基的清除能力上,深究殺菁處理的影響。經0-30秒殺菁處理者,分別於10、25 mg/ml到達最高的自由基清除能力,而後隨萃取液濃度之增加而自由基清除能力則有下降之現象。經60秒以上殺菁處理者則在濃度為25 mg/ml時,自由基清除能力高於90%,較50及95%酒精萃取液在相同濃度下之自由基清除能力高(80%)。還原力方面,未經殺菁處理的小麥草在10 mg / ml以下時,以水萃取的有最好的還原力,其次為50%酒精抽出物;而經30秒以上殺菁處理者,於抽出物濃度為25 mg / ml以上時,還原力則皆以50%酒精抽出物較好,約為水及95%酒精萃取液的兩倍。清除超氧陰離子的能力上,不論是否經過殺菁處理的小麥草,於50%、95%酒精萃取液中均不具有此能力。而於水萃取中只有經0-30秒殺菁者具有清除超氧陰離子的能力,且以未經殺菁者較好(於10 mg / ml時較經30秒殺菁處理者高約10%)。以硫氰酸鐵法測定總抗氧化能力方面,則以殺菁30秒之水萃取液者最佳(43.6%);50%酒精萃取液者則隨著殺菁時間的延長(0-120秒),其抗氧化能力由23.6%上升至50.3%;95%酒精萃取液於不同殺菁時間處理之總抗氧化能力之差異則較小(約介於22.7-27.0%)。
This study aimed to estimate the effect of heat treatment on the antioxidant properties of wheat grass juice and wheat grass powder. The wheat grass was steam-blanched (100℃, 0-120sec), followed by juice extraction and sterilization(121℃, 0-15 min), or by freeze drying to obtain the wheat grass powder. The antioxidant properties, inculding radical scavenging effect(DPPH and superoxide), reducing power and total antioxidant activity of wheat grass juice and wheat grass powder extracts (including distilled water、50% ethanol and 95% ethanol extracts) were then evaluated. The content of antioxidant, inculding total phenols, total flavonoids, and chlorophyll were also determined. It was found that wheat grass juice extracted from wheat grass with 30 sec blanching had better DPPH radical scavenging effect and reducing power and the antioxidant activity increased with increasing sterilization time. The total phenol and flavonoid contents showed a similar trend. However, in terms of the superoxide radical scavenging effect, only the wheat grass juice extracted from the wheat grass without blanching treatment showed significant superoxide radical scavenging capability. In terms of the total antioxidant activity, wheat grass juice with blanching treatment showed better antioxidant activity. The chlorophyll content was found to decrease with increasing sterilization time, however, appropriate blanching treatment increased the retaintion levels of chlorophyll during sterilization.

In other way, for the water extracts of wheat grass powder with 0-30 sec blanching treatment, the DPPH radical scavenging effect increased with the concentration of water extracts until specific concentration, then decreased. Water extracts with 60 sec blanching had better scavenging effect than ethanol extracts at 25 mg/ml. As the concentration was lower than 10 mg/ml, wheat grass without blanching had better reudcing power in water extracts than in ethanol extracts. However, as the concentration was over 25 mg/ml, the reudcing power was stronger in 50% ethanol extracts. Ethanol extracts did not show superoxide radical scavenging capability. Water extracts with blanching treatment longer than 60 sec didn''t show this capability either. On total antioxidant activity, water extracts of wheat grass powder with 30 sec blanching showed better antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of 50% ethanol extracts increased with increasing blanching time. However 95% ethanol extracts didn''t differ signficantly in terms of the effect of blanching time.
目 錄
頁 次
中文摘要……………………………………………………….....Ⅰ
英文摘要……………………………………………………….....Ⅲ
目錄……………………………………………………….........Ⅴ
圖目錄……………………………………………………….......Ⅶ
表目錄……………………………………………………….......Ⅷ
壹、前言……………………………………………………….....1
貳、文獻回顧……………………………………………………… 4
一、小麥草…………………………………………………… 4
二、氧化作用………………………………………………… 4
三、抗氧化作用…………………………………………….. 15
四、熱處理條件對抗氧化性質之影響……………………… 29
五、不同溶劑萃取對抗氧化性質之影響………………….. 33
参、研究目的……………………………………………………… 36
肆、材料與方法…………………………………………………… 37
一、原料之取得……………………………………………… 37
二、化學試藥………………………………………………… 41
三、一般理化性質分析…………………………………….. 41
四、抗氧化性質測定……………………………………….. 43
五、抗氧化物質含量測定………………………………….. 45
六、統計分析………………………………………………… 46
伍、結果與討論…………………………………………………… 48
一、理化性質分析……………………………………………

二、不同熱處理對小麥草汁抗氧化性質之影響…………… 48

53
1.DPPH自由基捕捉能力之測定……………………… 53
2.還原力………………………………………………... 57
3.超氧陰離子自由基捕捉能力………………………... 59
4. 總抗氧化能力………………………………………. 60
5.小麥草汁抗氧化能力之反應模擬…………………... 65
三、熱處理對小麥草粉抽出物抗氧化性質之影響……….. 69
1.DPPH自由基捕捉能力之測定……………………… 69
2.還原力………………………………………………... 77
3.超氧陰離子自由基捕捉能力………………………... 79
4.總抗氧化能力………………………………………... 80
5.小麥草粉抽出物抗氧化能力之反應模擬…………... 85
四、比較殺菁處理對小麥草汁與小麥草粉抽出物抗氧化性質之影響……………………………………………….. 91
陸、結論……………………………………………………….....94
柒、參考文獻………………………………………………….. 96









圖 目 錄
頁 次
圖一、 生物體內的酵素性抗氧化防禦系統…………………… 12
圖二、 生物體內的非酵素性抗氧化防禦系統………………… 14
圖三、 抗壞血酸之結構………………………………………... 19
圖四、 生育醇之結構…………………………………………... 20
圖五、 類胡蘿蔔素之結構…………………………………….. 22
圖六、 類黃酮之基本結構……….................................24
圖七、 主要類黃酮之結構……………………………………… 26
圖八、 本研究之實驗流程……………………………………… 38
圖九、 不同殺菁(100℃,0-120 sec)與殺菌(121℃,0-15 min)處理對小麥草汁DPPH自由基捕捉能力之影響… 55
圖十、 不同殺菁(100℃,0-120 sec)與殺菌(121℃,0-15 min)處理對小麥草汁還原力之影響………………….. 58
圖十一、 不同殺菌處理對小麥草汁超氧陰離子自由基捕捉能力之影響..............................................................61
圖十二、 不同殺菁(100℃,0-120 sec)與殺菌(121℃,0-15 min)處理對小麥草汁總抗氧化能力之影響………….. 63
圖十三、 不同殺菁處理(100℃ , 0 - 120 sec)對小麥草粉之水、50%酒精、95%酒精萃取物之DPPH自由基捕捉能力的影響……………………………………………… 71
圖十四、 不同殺菁處理(100℃ , 0 - 120 sec)對小麥草水、 50%酒精、 95%酒精萃取物之還原力的影響………….. 78
圖十五、 不同殺菁處理對小麥草粉水萃取物之超氧陰離子自由基捕捉能力之影響……………………………………… 81
圖十六、 不同殺菁處理(100℃ , 0 - 120 sec)對小麥草粉之(A)水、(B)50%酒精、(C)95%酒精萃取物總抗氧化能力的影響………………………………………………… 82

表 目 錄
頁 次
表一、 小麥草營養成分……………………………………….. 5
表二、 產生氧自由基的可能來源…………………………….. 8
表三、 不同殺菁處理之小麥草榨汁率與不同殺菁、殺菌處理後之小麥草汁總固形物含量、沉澱物含量與pH值….. 49
表四、 100℃殺菁處理對小麥草粉萃取物總固形物含量的影響…………………………………………………........... 51
表五、 小麥草之成分分析……………………………………… 52
表六、 不同殺菁與殺菌處理之小麥草汁的總類黃酮與總酚類化合物含量……………………………………………… 56
表七、 不同殺菁與殺菌處理對小麥草汁總抗氧化能力之影響………………………………………………………… 64
表八、 不同殺菁與殺菌處理之小麥草汁的DPPH自由基捕捉能力與還原力之抗氧化力常數(k)………………. 67
表九、 不同殺菁與殺菌處理之小麥草汁的超氧陰離子自由基捕捉能力之抗氧化力常數(k)……………………….. 68
表十、 不同殺菁與殺菌處理之小麥草汁葉綠素含量………… 70
表十一、 殺菁處理對小麥草粉萃取物總酚類化合物與總類黃酮化合物含量之影響……………………………………… 73
表十二、 殺菁處理對小麥草粉萃取物之葉綠素含量的影響…… 74
表十三、 殺菁處理對小麥草粉萃取物總抗氧化能力之影響…… 84
表十四、 殺菁處理對小麥草粉萃取物之DPPH自由基捕捉能力與還原力之抗氧化力常數(k)的影響…………….. 86
表十五、 殺菁處理對小麥草粉水萃取物之超氧陰離子自由基捕捉能力之抗氧化力常數(k)………………………….. 90
表十六、 100℃殺菁處理對小麥草汁與小麥草粉抽出物抗氧化性質之影響………………………………………… 92
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