臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

316L低碳沃斯田鐵系不銹鋼之防腐蝕性及延展性雖不錯，但在強度、硬度、耐磨耗性…等機械性質都較差。
所以，為了能確實控制合金成分，使基材性質獲得改善；本實驗採用粉末冶金之鋼模冷壓和射出成形兩種製程，希望藉著製程方式不同找出最佳性質參數。
最主要的是加入碳化鈦以強化相及性質，並找出兩種製程各自的最佳含量。再者，利用控制燒結氣氛，由氫氣轉換氮氣，藉氮化改善機械性質，並找出由氫氣轉換氮氣的最佳溫度及持溫時間。
最後，我們做了各種機械性質測試，及金相檢查、成分分析、結構分析，以了解得此失彼的真正結論。
結果証實：不論何種製程，若適量地混入TiC並且燒結時適溫地轉換氣氛控制（H2→H2+N2），皆可獲至抑制晶粒成長，強化相，與得到最高含氮量、提高316L不銹鋼大部份之機械性質。而幸運地，我們也都找出了不同製程各自的最佳TiC含量(PM：2wt%、PIM：3wt%)和最佳氣氛轉換溫度（1200℃…等）。

Corrosion resistance and ductility of 316L low carbon austenitic stainless steel are good. However, the strength, hardness, grind-resisting…in mechanical properties are all poorer.
In order to certainly control the alloy components and improve matrix this experiment uses two manufacturing processes about steel,i.e. die cold press and injection molding of powder metallurgy.
There are two most important work of this research. One is adding TiC to reinforce phase and properties. In addition, finding the best content of two processes,respectively. The other is nitridation which can improve mechanical properties. So the sintering atmosphere controlled (hydrogen transfer to nitrogen) was used in order to seek the best transferable temperature and isothermal holding time.
Finally , many different mechanical property tests, phase examinations, content analysis, structure analysis have been done in order to understand the better condition.
The results from experimental investigation show that grain size was effectively reduced and there was reinforce phase with the addition of TiC. A highest nitrogen content was obtained and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel were improved by sintering atmosphere controlled (H2→H2+N2) with wonderful transferable temperature. Fortunately, we also find out the best TiC content(PM：2wt%、PIM：3wt%) and transferable temperature of two various processes（1200℃）.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………….Ⅰ
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ
誌謝…………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ
總目錄……………………………………………………………………………Ⅵ
圖目錄……………………………………………………………………………Ⅹ
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………ⅩⅢ
第一章 前言……………………….…..………………………………………1
第二章 文獻探討………………………………………...………………………2
2-1 不銹鋼之簡介……………………………………………………………2
2-1-1 不銹鋼粉末…………………………………….…………………4
2-1-2 強化相－碳化鈦粉末……………………………………………6
2-2 金屬或合金混合成分強化相之研究歷史回顧…………………………6
2-3 粉末冶金簡介…………………………………..………………………12
2-3-1 鋼模冷壓成形…………………………………………………13
2-3-2 粉末射出成形…………………………………………………14
2-4 黏結劑…………………..………………………………………………17
2-5 混拌（混鍊）造粒…………………..……………………………………20
2-6 熱分析…………………………………………………………………25
2-7 流變理論…………………………..……………………………………26
2-8 脫脂……………………………………………………………………33
2-9 燒結理論…………………………..……………………………………39
2-9-1 燒結溫度…………………..……….……………………………40
2-9-2 燒結時間……………………………………………..……….…41
2-9-3燒結氣氛之影響…………………………...…………………..…42
2-10 燒結中氣氛轉換之研究歷史回顧………………………...…………43
2-11 田口式實驗設計……………………….……………………………47
第三章 實驗方法………………………………………………………………48
＊粉末材料介紹……………………………………………………………48
第一部 份粉末鋼模壓製法………………….……………………..……………50
3-1 實驗設計………………….………….…………………………………50
3-2 實驗步驟………………………………………………..………………51
3-2-1 混拌……………………………………………………………51
3-2-2 篩粉及烘乾造粒………………………………………………52
3-2-3 鋼模壓製………………………………………………………53
3-2-4 燒結…………………………………………...…………………55
3-2-5 密度及各種因次量測……………………………...……………56
3-2-6 拉伸測試………………………………...………………………56
3-2-7 硬度測試……………………...…………………………………57
3-2-8 磨耗測試………………………………...………………………58
3-2-9 耐腐蝕試驗…………………………………...…………………58
3-2-10 GDS氮含量分析……………..…………………………………58
3-2-11 OM金相觀察…………………...………………………………59
3-2-12 SEM觀察及EDS定性定量分析………….……………………59
3-2-13 X-Ray成分結構分析………………………...…………………59
第二部份粉末射出成形法…………………………………….…………………60
（1）純316L不銹鋼粉末射出成形──求粉末負載量………………………60
3-3 實驗設計……………………………………………...…………...……60
3-4 黏結劑調配………………………………………..……………………61
3-5 混拌及造粒………………………………………..……………………62
3-6 熱分析……………………………………………..……………………64
3-7 流變測試………………………………………………..………………65
3-8 射出成形……………………………………..…………………………65
3-9 脫脂……………………………………………..………………………66
3-10 燒結……………………………………………………………………67
3-11 機械性質測試及金相分析……………………………………………68
（2）田口式實驗法………………………………………………………….……68
3-12 實驗設計………………………………………………………………69
3-13 試片製作………………………………………………………………70
3-14 田口式參數與直交表之設計…………………………………………70
3-15 確認實驗………………………………………………………………72
3-16 硬度及氮含量分析……………………………………………………72
3-17 含TiC之316L不銹鋼粉粒之熱分析………………...………………72
第四章結果與討論…………………………………………………….…………76
＊粉末之選擇……………………………….……………………………………76
第一部份粉末鋼模壓製法………………………………………………………76
4-1 機械性質和含氮量分析………………………………………………..76
4-2 耐腐蝕試驗…..…………………………………………………………83
第二部份粉末射出成形法……….………………………………………………85
（1）純316L不銹鋼粉末射出成形──求粉末負載量及其他………...………85
4-3 黏結劑配方比例選擇……………..……………………………………85
4-4 流變性質、射出溫度與粉末負載量……………………………………86
4-5 射出溫度、收縮率與粉末負載量………………………………………89
4-6 粉末負載量、持溫時間對機械性質之影響……………………………92
（2）田口式實驗法………………………………………………………….……94
4-7 參數設計之抉擇……………………………………………..…………94
4-8 機械性質和含氮量分析…………………..……………………………97
4-9 確認實驗結果…………………………..……………………………103
4-10 硬度、耐磨耗、耐腐蝕性之測試……………………………………103
＊SEM、EDS、X-Ray綜合分析……………………………………………….107
4-11 SEM觀察和EDS成分分析……………..……………………………107
4-12 X-Ray繞射分析………………………………………………………117
第五章 結論…………………………………………………………………….121
參考文獻……………………………………………………...…………………123
作者簡介……………………………………………...…………………………129

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