臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　一九六○年代之前，國會選舉的結果主要是反映出選區中兩黨認同選民之多寡；現任議員為選舉所付出的努力，仍然在選民政黨認同的心態下，無法展現實質的效應。然而，六○年代之後，選民之政黨認同式微，取而代之的是選民以候選人本身的特質、工作經驗，以及形象等作為其投票的準則，因此，如何建立起一個受選民喜愛與認同的形象，便是候選人創造選舉優勢的重點。本論文以六○年代之後現任眾議員在競選中高比例的連任現象作為研究主題，乃是希望由研究中了解眾議員如何在選民的長期投票準則改變之後，持續擴大其連任的優勢，俾以作為研究美國國會權力運作的基礎。
　　本論文主要採用內容分析法，並佐以行為分析法。第一章為緒論。第二章探討現任眾議員連任比例高之趨勢及連任優勢之原因。第三章旨在剖析選區服務興起之緣由，以及現任眾議員採用選區服務為選區風格的動機與目的。另外，並針對選區服務的制度化運作與特質做一深入探索。第四章探究選區服務如何影響選民對議員的評價，並分析選區服務對國會選舉的影響。第五章為結論。
　　現任眾議員經由選區活動的改變，以及宣揚自己的工作成效，的確影響了選民對議員之評價，也直接影響了選民的投票行為。六○年代中期之後，現任眾議員的得票率提高，除了導致邊緣選區消失之外，對於原本已獲得安全席次的議員而言，也著實增強選舉之安全性。

　　Before the 1960s, the result of congressional elections primarily reflected the number of party identifiers in the constituencies. However, after the 1960s, instead of voter's partisan identification, a candidate's electoral support originated in his or her personal qualities, qualifications, activities, and image. Therefore, how to build an image which could be identified by voters would be a point of emphasis in candidates' efforts. A study of how congressmen continued to expand their incumbency advantage after voters having abandoned old principles of congressional voting is the major subject of this thesis.
　　The methodology of this thesis is based mainly on content analysis, along with behavior analysis. At first, the trends and reasons of the high reelection rate of House incumbents in congressional elections are introduced. In addition, the reasons of the rise of constituency service is explored, and the institutionalization of constituency service is also discussed. Furthermore, how constituency service influences voters' judgement on congressmen, and the influence of constituency service on congressional elections are the main discussion in the thesis.
　　Since the activities of House members in districts has been changed and the achievement of constituency service had been publicized, it really affected voters' behavior on congressional voting. After the mid-1960s, House incumbents won a larger margin in elections, not only led to the marginal districts disappearing; as for the incumbents with safe seats, it also reinforced the safety in congressional elections.