臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出了一種新式的高頻率直流轉直流切換式電源轉換器以減少輸出濾波器的面積。由於使用了高切換頻率，使得輸出濾波器在未來有機會被整合入系統晶片中。因此，如何擁有高切換頻率的直流轉直流切換式電源轉換器成為現今技術上重要的發展。所以，將需要一個小型化的系統晶片整合(SoC)解決方案來有效地減少電源管理模組的面積。而且，因為SoC系統的操作電壓太低不能有好的信噪比，也需要一個高效能的電源轉換器模組來提供一個可調節與穩定的系統電壓。為了能提供高效能電源電壓，電流模式控制技術被利用以得到更好的線調節率和負載調節率。不過，高切換頻率將嚴重地影響當電流感測器的準確和反應時間。在這篇論文中也提出了一種高準確以及快反應的電流感測器。
在這篇論文實現切換頻率為8MHz 的電流模式控制降壓穩壓器。此晶片是以台灣積體電路公司 2P4M 0.35u互補式金氧半製程實現，工作電壓範圍為 2.6伏特 至 3.5伏特，其負載調節度和線調節度分別為0.88uV/mA和 4.67 mV/V。因為頻率的提升可以使用較小的外部濾波元件並且可以得到較快的響應因此可加適合用在可攜式元件。

This thesis proposes a new DC-DC switching converter with a high switching frequency for reducing the size of the output filter. Owing to the high switching frequency, the on-chip output filter in DC-DC switching converter is possible in the future. Thus, how to develop a DC-DC switching converter with high switching frequency is important in today’s technology. Therefore, a compact solution is needed to effectively reduce the footprint area of the power management module in system-on-chip (SoC) systems. Furthermore, a high performance power converter module is also needed to provide a regulated and stable supply voltage to the SoC systems because the operation voltage of the SoC systems is too low to have a good signal-to-noise ratio. For providing a high performance supply voltage, the current-mode technique is utilized to get better line and load regulations. However, the current sensing accuracy and response time is seriously affected by the high switching frequency. A high accuracy and small response time current sensor is also proposed in this thesis.
In thesis, we implement an 8 MHz current-mode buck DC-DC converter with good line and load regulations. The chip is implemented by tsmc 2P4M 0.35u CMOS process. The range of the operation voltage is from 2.6V to 3.3V. The load regulation and line regulation are 0.88uV/mA and 4.67mV/V. The chip features smaller output filter elements and fast response, which makes it suitable for power management in the portable devices.

第一章 1
簡介 1
1.1背景與回顧 1
1.2直流-直流轉換器種類 2
1.2.1線性穩壓器(Linear regulation) 2
1.2.2切換式穩壓器(Switching regulator) 4
1.2.3切換式穩壓器種類 5
1.3論文架構 7
第二章 8
降壓式穩壓器文獻回顧 8
2.1連續和非連續導通模式 8
2.1.1連續導通模式(CCM) 8
2.1.2連續導通模式小訊號分析 12
2.1.3非連續導通模式(DCM) 14
2.1.4非連續導通模式小訊號分析 17
2.2控制電路分類 18
2.2.1脈衝寬度調變(PWM) 19
2.2.2脈衝頻率調變(PFM) 20
2.2.3磁滯控制(Hysteretic) 21
2.3電流模式控制 23
2.3.1電流模式控制，責任週期大於0.5 26
2.4暫態響應(transient response) 28
第三章 30
高切換頻率穩壓器架構 30
3.1系統架構 30
3.2可調式電壓過低鎖定(UVLO) 31
3.3直流-直流穩壓器的補償 33
3.3.1差動放大器補償 34
3.3.2運算轉導放大器的補償架構 36
3.3.3電容放大補償電路 37
3.4柔性啟動(Soft start) 38
3.5檢測電感電流 43
第四章 44
電路分析與設計 44
4.1功率輸出級(Power stage) 44
4.2 帶差參考電壓 (Bandgap) 46
4.2.1 絕對溫度比例電流 48
4.3 UVLO可調式電壓過低鎖定 50
4.3.1比較器(Comparator) 51
4.3.2史密特觸發器(Schmitt Trigger) 52
4.3.3可調式穩壓器模擬結果 54
4.4時脈和鋸齒波產生器 (Clock & Sawtooth Generator) 55
4.4.1時脈產生器(Clock Generator) 55
4.4.2鋸齒波產生器(Sawtooth generator) 58
4.5電流檢測電路 61
4.6誤差放大器和補償電路 64
4.7比較器 70
4.8柔性啟動(Soft start) 72
4.9其他電路 74
4.9.1 脈衝頻寬產生器(Pulse width generator) 74
4.9.2電壓轉電流(Voltage-to-current converter) 74
4.9.3緩衝器(Buffer)與非重疊式電路(Non-overlap) 76
第五章 79
高切換頻率降壓式穩壓器模擬結果與佈局 79
5.1高切換頻率降壓式穩壓器模擬結果 79
5.1.1電路的啟動 79
5.1.2脈衝調變訊號的模擬結果 80
5.1.3線調節度(Line regulation) 82
5.1.4負載調節度(Load regulation) 83
5.1.5晶片模擬結果 85
5.2晶片佈局圖 85
5.3結論 87

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