臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要

高球是一種集人體工學、物理學、氣象與自然生態之大成的一種科學化運動。數百年來，經由前人窮其畢生精力研究，方使其逐漸地發展至今日局面。高球運動的研究發展可分為兩方向，一為研究高球的相關球具，另一為研究擊球技巧。台灣隨著經濟力的蓬勃發展，參與高球運動的人口逐年增加，每年在此運動的消費金額龐大。同時，台灣製造業在高球新球具的自創品牌或代工的產能亦已不容小覷，然球具的研究發展與學習者的技術掌控均與擊球過程中身體各部位施力或受力的變化有關。故高球的擊球一完整過程施力與受力研究應是人體與球具結合，實際量測整個擊球動作與身體重要部位施力或受力的互動關係。
本研究擬依據機械量測原理配合人體工學設計四枚環形多分量力感測器置於擊球者雙足之跟部與趾部以實際量測所受身體重心移轉時雙足所產生扭轉力偶、彎曲力偶、壓力。並且於高爾夫球桿握把端配置應變計以量測整個擊球動作中手掌所受的兩個獨立方向力矩與扭矩。多分量力感測器所需配置應變計的適當位置、數量，將先使用有限元素法分析，以決定各方向外載所需的安全尺寸。論文中針對四枚環形多分量力感測器設計出力感測器所專用高爾夫鞋。擊球者於擊球過程中掌部及足部量測之各分量力及力偶將同步輸入LabView資料擷取軟體系統中儲存，以進行分析整理，達到精準量測高爾夫擊球者於擊球整個完整動作中身體手、足部受力或施力變化。本計畫所提出的量測系統將可用於高球球具的改進，調整及教導擊球技巧，及高球運動傷害診斷及醫療。

Abstract

Golf is a scientific sport, which is the great achievement of collecting human engineering, physics, meteorology, and nature ecology. The research of golf has two approaches, one is the study of the golf clubs, the other focuses on the hitting skill. Nevertheless, the acting or reacted loading from distinct locations of human body dominates the development of golf clubs and hitting skill on the ball. The study on loading for a complete swing of the club then should involve the whole hitting movement and corresponding reacted loading down on significant locations of human body.
The purpose of this thesis is to design four pieces of wheel-shaped multi-component force sensor to measure the acting and reacting loading during the whole swing of the club. The multi-component force sensors are put in the heel part and the toe part of the golf shoe to directly measure and register the twisting, bending, pressure, and thrusting loads on feet during the whole swing movement. In addition, strain gages are mounted on the grip part of golf club shaft to sense the palm reaction when hitting. The dimensions of wheel-shaped force sensor are to be determined by employing finite element method. Six full Wheastone bridges with strain gages bonded on the wheel-shaped force sensor are used for the acquisition of the independent force and moment components. Eventually, every component force or moment measured from the Wheatstone full bridges in the golf club shaft or four sensors are put into the LabView data acquisition system in order to process and analysis the loads acted on the palma and the feet for the whole swing motion. The results of this proposed system may be applied in the improvement of golf clubs, the judgement and instruction of hitting skill, and the clinical diagnosis and remedy of injuries from the golf sport.

第一章 敘論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究動機與本文內容 4
第二章 理論基礎 6
2.1 高爾夫球運動分析 6
2.2有限元素模式 9
2.3有限元素數學摸式 10
2.3.1應力與應變之關係 12
2.3.2應變與位移之關係 12
2.4 電阻式應變計感測原理 14
2.4.1 惠斯登電橋原理 15
2.5多分量力感測器之偶合效應探討 17
2.5.1 校準矩陣與交錯靈敏度係數 17
2.5.2條件係數 18
2.6 尺寸最佳化理論 19
2.6.1 懲罰函數法 20
第三章 力感測器最佳構形之模擬分析與測試 22
3.1感測器之設計考量 23
3.2多分量力感測器尺寸最佳化 30
3.3多分量力感測器之位移與應變分析 36
3.4多分量力感測器之製作、測試與驗證 43
3.5.1力感測器製作過程與測試 43
3.5.2校準夾具設計與製作 46
3.5力感測器於有限元素模擬分析結果 54
3.6力感測器校準矩陣之差異探討 60
3.7高爾夫球桿應變計配置 61
3.7.1高爾夫球桿校準測試 62
第四章 高爾夫球揮桿動態實驗方法與結果討論 63
4.1動態資料擷取系統 63
4.2 揮桿動作實驗與方法 64
4.2.1 實驗設備 64
4.2.2實驗方法與過程 66
4.3高爾夫球揮桿動態實驗結果 69
第五章 結論與未來展望 107
5.1結論 107
5.2未來展望 108
附錄 112

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