臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

研究背景與目的：破壞性的父母衝突導致兒童產生許多適應問題（Cummings &; Davies, 2002）；但也有50％兒童面對父母衝突不會出現適應問題（Jouriles, Murphy, &; O&;apos;Leary, 1989）。若兒童面對父母衝突時能採用有效的因應策略，可減低衝突對他們的影響，較不會發展出適應問題（Kerig, 2001；O&;apos;Brien, Margolin &; John, 1995）。另外有研究指出因應效能比因應策略能更有效地預測兒童的適應問題（Sandler, Tein, Mehta, Wolchik, &; Ayers, 2000）。因此本研究試圖比較兒童在父母衝突下所使用的因應策略、因應效能，對其內化及外化適應問題的影響。

研究方法：以北部地區國小328位五年級學童及其家長為研究對象，以問卷法收集資料，進行多元迴歸分析。

研究結果：兒童知覺父母衝突量表的因應效能量尺較因應效能量表，更能顯著預測兒童在父母衝突下的內化及外化適應問題。此外，本研究發現兒童知覺的父母衝突會透過兒童對父母衝突的因應效能為中介而影響兒童的內化問題及外化問題；而兒童的四類因應策略對父母衝突及兒童適應問題則不具有調節效果。另外，兒童的主動因應不僅會直接影響兒童的內化問題，也會透過因應效能為中介，進而影響兒童的內化問題；而逃避因應則是會透過因應效能為中介影響兒童的內化及外化問題，也會直接影響兒童的內化問題。

研究結論：評量兒童在父母衝突下的因應效能，選擇兒童知覺父母衝突量表的因應效能量尺，較能預測兒童在父母衝突脈絡下的適應問題。此外，父母衝突會透過兒童的因應效能為中介，而影響兒童內化及外化的適應問題。而因應策略、因應效能與適應問題之間也發現，因應策略需要透過因應效能為中介，進而影響兒童的適應問題。主動因應會透過兩種關係影響兒童內化問題，一是直接預測內化問題的增加，另一反而是透過增加因應效能進而降低兒童內化問題；逃避因應也會透過因應效能為中介，進而增加兒童的內化或外化適應問題。因此在父母衝突脈絡下，若只單獨探討兒童的因應策略，不足以解釋其適應問題的產生；更重要的是，需要著眼於兒童的因應效能，才能夠更細緻地說明兒童面對父母衝突時的因應機制。此結果可提供實務工作者幫助兒童面對父母衝突之參考。

Background and Research Objectives: Interparental conflict causes distress, fear, and anger in children, and exposure to intense and frequent parental marital conflict is associated with child behavior problems (Cummings & Davies, 2002). However, it is interesting to note that approximately 50% of the children from maritally aggressive families did not have evidencing problems at clinical levels (Jouriles, Murphy, & O'Leary, 1989). It is likely that children’s coping is an important intervening variable in the relationship between marital conflict and child outcome (Kerig, 2001；O'Brien, Margolin & John, 1995). Another research indicates that the coping efficacy is a mediator of the the relation between coping strategy and psychological problems of children (Sandler, Tein, Mehta, Wolchik, & Ayers, 2000). Hence, the purpose of present study attempts to compare children’s coping strategies and coping efficacy with interparental conflict, and explore how they affect their children’s internalizing and externalizing problems . Research design: 328 fifth grade elementary students and their parents in the northern area of Taiwan participated in this study. Data were collected by questionnaire, and analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Research results: The results of coping efficacy subscale in CPIC was a better predict or of children’s internalizing and externalizing problems than the results of Coping efficacy Scale. Beside, coping efficacy as a mediator of the relations between interparental conflict and children’s maladjustment. But children’s coping strategies did not mediator or moderate the relation between conflict and children’s maladjustment. Further, coping efficacy mediated the relations between active and avoidant coping strategy and internalizing problem. And coping efficacy also mediated the relation between avoidant coping and externalizing problem. Research discussion: In the context of interparental conflict, Coping efficacy subscale of CPIC is a good measure children’s coping efficacy. Children’s coping efficacy is more important then coping strategy. Beside, the role of coping efficacy was a mediate though which interparenal conflict affect children’s internalizing and externalizing problems. It is also found that coping efficacy would mediate the relation between active and avoidant coping and adjustment problem. Therefore, focusing on children’s coping efficacy can better predict children’s adjustment under interparental conflict. The results can apply to clinical intervention to help children to face interparental conflict.

目錄 VII
圖目錄 X
表目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
第一節、 父母衝突被視為兒童的壓力源 1
第二節、 研究動機 3
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節、 父母衝突下兒童的因應策略 5
一、 兒童因應策略的定義 5
二、 兒童因應策略的分類 6
三、 父母衝突下兒童因應策略的測量 9
四、 父母衝突下兒童因應策略與其適應問題的關係 13
第二節、 父母衝突下兒童的因應效能 18
一、 兒童因應效能的定義 18
二、 父母衝突下兒童的因應效能 20
三、 父母衝突下兒童因應效能與其適應問題的關係 23
第三節、 兒童的因應策略、因應效能及其適應問題之關係 25
第四節、 研究目的與架構 27
第五節、 研究問題與假設 29
第三章 研究方法 31
第一節、 研究對象 31
第二節、 研究工具 33
一、父母衝突 33
二、兒童的因應策略 34
三、兒童的因應效能 35
四、兒童的適應問題 35
五、父母衝突錄音光碟 37
第三節、 研究步驟 38
一、準備階段 38
二、正式施測 38
第四節、 統計分析 40
第四章 研究結果 41
第一節、 父母衝突、兒童因應策略及因應效能與其適應問題之相關 41
一、兒童因應策略與父母衝突、兒童適應問題的相關 41
二、兒童因應效能與父母衝突、兒童適應問題的相關 41
第二節、 比較兒童因應效能對兒童適應問題的預測 44
一、 兒童的因應效能對兒童內化問題的預測 44
二、 兒童的因應效能對兒童外化問題的預測 46
第三節、 兒童的因應效能對父母衝突及適應問題之中介效果 49
一、 兒童的因應效能對父母衝突及其內化問題的中介效果 50
二、 兒童的因應效能對父母衝突及其外化問題的中介效果 51
第四節、 兒童的因應策略對父母衝突及適應問題的調節效果 53
一、 兒童的因應策略對父母衝突及其內化問題的調節效果 54
二、 兒童的因應策略對父母衝突及其外化問題的調節效果 56
第五節、 兒童的因應效能對因應策略及適應問題之中介效果 58
一、 兒童的因應效能對主動因應及其適應問題的中介效果 58
二、 兒童的因應效能對逃避因應及其適應問題的中介效果 60
三、 兒童的因應效能對轉移策略及其適應問題的中介效果 61
四、 兒童的因應效能對尋求支持及其適應問題的中介效果 63
第六節、 研究結果整理 65
第五章 討論 67
第一節、 兒童面對父母衝突的因應效能 67
一、 因應效能的測量 67
二、 因應效能是父母衝突與適應問題的中介變項 70
第二節、 兒童面對父母衝突的因應策略 73
第三節、 兒童因應策略、因應效能與其適應問題的關係 75
第四節、 研究貢獻 78
第五節、 研究限制 80
參考文獻 82
一、中文部分 82
二、英文部分 83
附錄一、兒童問卷 90
附錄二、父母問卷 99
附錄三、研究說明—老師版 104

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