臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在現今市場變化的趨勢中，為了加強供應鏈整體的競爭力，企業必須藉由協同策略整合顧客與供應商兩端，形成一條具有價值的供應鏈。在實際供需環境狀況下，大多數的產品都具有損耗之特性，產品的價值會隨著時間減少而產生額外的成本。再者，產品從原物料的採購，經過加工，最後送達消費者手中，過程中會產生相關的運輸成本皆會影響供應鏈的整體效益。過去的研究較著重於配銷商與零售商之二階層存貨模式，且將損耗性商品或運輸成本模式一併納入多階供應鏈中探討者極少。

故本研究將探討整合上、中、下游之三階供應鏈協同存貨模式，為符合現實生產情況，將損耗性商品及運輸成本模式兩者一併納入考量，以單位時間總成本最小化為目標，建構出最佳補貨策略之生產存貨模式，後續藉由數值範例及敏感度分析探討重要參數之敏感度，並驗證本研究模型之有效性。

With growing market trend, collaboration of supply chain members is necessary to strengthen the competitiveness of the enterprise and the supply chain. As the life cycle of products becomes shorter, products lose their value over time due to running out of fashion. This characteristic is similar to the nature of deteriorating items. In this study, we consider transportation cost as a separate cost in logistics. It occurs when products are shipped to manufacturers and retailers by the suppliers. Transportation cost is an important factor that affects the competitiveness of a supply chain. Most researches in the past focused on two stage supply chain, only a few studies have explored deteriorating items and transportation cost model simultaneously.

In this study, we develop an optimal replenishment policy with deteriorating items and transportation cost for a three level supply chain. The objective of this study is to derive the optimal cycle time, the integer ratio parameters and the number of orders such that the total cost is the supply chain is lowest. The supply chain inventory model is solved by Maple 14 and Excel 2010. Numerical examples and sensitivity analysis are given to validate the results of the system.

目錄

中文摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的與範圍 2
1.3研究方法與步驟 3
1.4論文章節概要與架構 4
第二章 文獻探討 6
2.1多階供應鏈協同相關文獻 6
2.2損耗性商品相關文獻 10
2.3運輸模式相關文獻 14
2.4文獻整理 17
第三章 考量損耗性商品供應鏈之協同策略 18
3.1基本假設條件 19
3.2參數符號說明 20
3.3存貨模式建構推導 22
3.3.1 零售商之成本 27
3.3.2 製造商之成本 28
3.3.3供應商之成本 30
3.3.3供應鏈總成本 32
3.5求解步驟 33
3.5數值範例 39
3.6敏感度分析 45
3.6.1 零售商週期時間之敏感度分析 46
3.6.2 系統總成本之敏感度分析 49
3.7本章小結 52
第四章 考量損耗性商品與運輸成本供應鏈之協同策略 53
4.1基本假設條件 54
4.2參數符號說明 55
4.3存貨模式建構推導 57
4.3.1 零售商之成本 62
4.3.2 製造商之成本 63
4.3.3供應商之成本 65
4.3.3供應鏈總成本 67
4.5求解步驟 68
4.5數值範例 74
4.6敏感度分析 81
4.6.1 零售商週期時間之敏感度分析 82
4.6.2 系統總成本之敏感度分析 86
4.7本章小結 90
第五章 結論、貢獻及未來研究方向 91
5.1研究結論 91
5.2研究貢獻 93
5.3未來研究方向 94
參考文獻 95

 
圖目錄
圖1. 1研究步驟 5
圖2. 1多階層供應鏈模式 6
圖2. 2物流成本項目之比例 15
圖3. 1存貨模型示意圖 18
圖3. 2供應商與製造商原物料存貨關係圖 22
圖3. 3製造商與零售商存貨關係圖 23
圖3. 4製造商與零售商之時間加權存貨(TWI)模式 24
圖3. 5供應商與製造商原物料之時間加權存貨(TWI)模式 24
圖3. 6本研究模式之求解流程 38
圖3. 7單位時間總成本函數立體圖 42
圖3. 8單位時間總成本函數立體圖 43
圖3. 9單位時間總成本函數立體圖 43
圖3. 10相關參數對零售商週期時間之敏感度變異圖 47
圖3. 11相關參數對系統總成本之敏感度變異圖 50
圖4. 1存貨模型示意圖 53
圖4. 2供應商與製造商原物料存貨關係圖 57
圖4. 3製造商與零售商存貨關係圖 58
圖4. 4製造商與零售商之時間加權存貨(TWI)模式 59
圖4. 5供應商與製造商原物料之時間加權存貨(TWI)模式 59
圖4. 6本研究模式之求解流程 73
圖4. 7單位時間總成本函數立體圖 78
圖4. 8單位時間總成本函數立體圖 79
圖4. 9單位時間總成本函數立體圖 79
圖4. 10相關參數對零售商週期時間之敏感度變異圖 84
圖4. 11相關參數對系統總成本之敏感度變異圖 88
 
表目錄
表2. 1 多階供應鏈協同文獻彙整 8
表2. 2損耗性商品文獻彙整 12
表2. 3 運輸模式文獻彙整 15
表2. 4本研究之相關文獻整理 17
表3. 1符號說明 20
表3. 2相關參數之數值表 39
表3. 3相關參數之最佳解 41
表3. 4最佳解之敏感度分析(製造商補貨次數 ) 44
表3. 5最佳解之敏感度分析(製造商補貨次數 ) 44
表3. 6各項參數數值變動幅度表 45
表3. 7零售商週期時間 敏感度分析之變化量 46
表3. 8 零售商週期時間 敏感度分析之變異表 47
表3. 9系統總成本 敏感度分析之變化量 49
表3. 10系統總成本 敏感度分析之變異表 50
表4. 1符號說明 55
表4. 2相關參數之數值表 74
表4. 3相關參數之最佳解 77
表4. 4最佳解之敏感度分析(製造商補貨次數 ) 80
表4. 5最佳解之敏感度分析(製造商補貨次數 ) 80
表4. 6各項參數數值變動幅度表 81
表4. 7零售商週期時間 敏感度分析之變化量 82
表4. 8 零售商週期時間 敏感度分析之變異表 82
表4. 9系統總成本 敏感度分析之變化量 86
表4. 10系統總成本 敏感度分析之變異表 86

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