臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　近年來，在全球競爭激烈、科技的快速發展，有些公司大多數的活動都以專案管理方式運作，以便彈性調度人力，靈活應付環境及客戶需求。「專案管理」是一既有效率又有效能地將專案成功完成的一種程序與方法，許多學者在專案管理領域提出一些會影響專案成功的內、外部關鍵成功因素。另外專案成功除了短期績效之外，真正的專案成功還要搭配組織中、長期的專案目標，以成就組織未來中、長期績效才算專案真正成功。因此本研究結合文獻探討與實證研究，除了瞭解專案的內、外部關鍵成功因素之外，並驗證這些關鍵成功因素對短、中、長期專案成功的影響以及短期對中期專案成功與中期對長期專案成功的影響，並依實證研究結果，對台灣製造業提出有助於提昇專案管理效能的參考建議。
　　本研究針對2009年天下雜誌公佈的台灣製造業前1,000大公司進行普查，E-MAIL給千大的人資或企業窗口，請其轉發問卷給公司內的研發專案團隊成員以蒐集資料；採用結構方程模式(SEM)分析並檢定研究假設。研究結果發現，專案內部關鍵成功因素支持研究假設，會對短期專案成功、中期專案成功及長期專案成功產生正向影響；專案外部關鍵因素支持研究假設，會對長期專案成功產生正向影響；短期專案成功支持研究假設，會對中期專案成功產生正向影響；中期專案成功，會對長期專案成功產生反向影響；至於專案外部關鍵成功因素，對短期專案成功及中期專案成功並未顯著影響。

　　In recent years, because of intense global competition, rapid technological development, some companies used project management to operate most of the activities in order to schedule manpower and respond environmental and customers’ needs flexibly. “Project management” is a kind of process and method that can complete project both efficiently and effectively. In the past, many scholars provide with internal and external critical success factors that affect project success. Besides, successful project management requires not only short-term performance, the real success of the project should cope with the organizational goals and middle-term and long-term project goals to achieve organizational success in the future. Therefore, this study tries to explore the internal and external critical success factors of project through literature review, and test their impacts on short-term, middle-term, and long-term project success through empirical study. Furthermore, this study also tests the impact of short-term project success on middle-term project success and the impact of middle-term project success on long-term project success. Finally, based on the empirical analysis results, this study will provide suggestions for the manufacturing firms in Taiwan to improve their project management effectiveness.
　　A census of the top 1,000 manufacturing firms that reported by Common Wealth Magazine in 2009 in Taiwan is carried out by this study. The survey is conducted by e-mailing a questionnaire to the human resources department, and asks them to forward the questionnaire to its R&D project team members to gather information. In this study, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) for analyzing empirical data and testing research hypotheses. The research results support the hypotheses that internal critical success factors of project have a positive impact on short-term, middle-term, and long-term project success; external critical success factors of project have a positive impact on long-term project success; short-term project success has a positive impact on middle-term project success. The research results do not support the hypothesis that middle-term project success has a positive impact on long-term project success. However, external critical success factors of project are not found to impact on short-term and middle-term project success significantly.

目錄
頁
摘要iii
ABSTRACT iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENS vi
目錄 vii
圖目錄ix
表目錄x
第一章 前言1
第一節 研究背景與動機1
第二節 研究目的2
第三節 研究程序2
第四節 論文架構4
第二章 文獻探討 5
第一節 專案與專案管理5
第二節 短、中、長期專案成功11
第三節 專案內、外部關鍵成功因素16
第三章 研究方法25
第一節 研究架構25
第二節 研究假說26
第三節 變數衡量31
第四節 研究對象與資料蒐集35
第五節 資料分析方法35
第四章 資料分析與討論37
第一節 敘述性統計37
第二節 探索性因素分析40
第三節 信度分析45
第四節 結構方程模式分析46
第五節 管理意涵51
第五章 結論與建議53
第一節 結論53
第二節 建議54
第三節 研究限制55
參考文獻56
研究問卷62
圖目錄
頁
圖一 研究程序3
圖二 專案階段工作7
圖三 專案成功構面13
圖四 依時間架構的多元相對重要性專案成功構面14
圖五 多元時間層級專案成功構面15
圖六 本研究架構25
圖七 結構方程模式50
表目錄
頁
表一 專案管理架構7
表二 短、中、長期專案成功的衡量指標16
表三 文獻對專案關鍵成功因素討論次數統計20
表四 專案內部關鍵成功因素衡量指標23
表五 專案外部關鍵成功因素衡量指標24
表六 專案內部關鍵因素之衡量問項31
表七 專案外部關鍵因素之衡量問項33
表八 短、中、長期專案成功之衡量問項34
表九 問卷之回卷率37
表十 樣本資料的專案職務37
表十一 樣本資料的專案規模38
表十二 樣本資料的專案人數38
表十三 樣本資料的專案期間39
表十四 樣本資料的產業別39
表十五 專案內部關鍵因素之KMO檢定與Bartlett球形檢定40
表十六 專案外部關鍵因素之KMO檢定與Bartlett球形檢定41
表十七 轉軸後的成份矩陣42
表十八 各構面之標準化信度45
表十九 各構念之指標變數46
表二十 結構方程模式之因素負荷量與p值48
表二十一 結構方程模式適配度49
表二十二 結構方程模式路徑係數與檢定50

參考文獻
1. 丁惠民譯，Heerkens, Gray R.著，專案管理(Project Management)，台北市：麥格羅希爾國際出版，2002。
2. 許光華著，專案管理：知識體系的觀點，華泰文化事業股份有限公司，2006。
3. 熊培霖、范淼、黃明哲、周祥東、陸正平著，專案管理基礎知識與應用實務，台北市：社團法人中華專案管理學會出版，2006。
4. Adams, J. R. and S. E. Brandt. Behavioral Implications of the Project Life Cycle, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1983.
5. Anantatmula, V. S. “The Role of Technology in the Project Manager Performance Model.” Project Management Journal 39, no.1 (2008): 34-48.
6. Anantatmula, V. S. and M. Thomas. “Managing Global Projects :A Structured Approach for Better Performance.” Project Management Journal 41, no.2 (2010): 60-72.
7. Anderson, J. C. and D. W. Gerbing. “Structural Modeling in Practice:A Review and Recommended Two-step Approach.” Psyhological Bulletin 103, (1988): 411-423.
8. Baker, B. N., D. C. Murphy, and D. Fisher. Factors Affecting Project Success in Project Management Handbook, New York:Van Nostrand,1983.
9. Barkley, B. T. and J. H. Saylor. Customer-Driven Project Management, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994.
10. Bean, A. S. and M. Radnor. The Role of Intermediaries in the Implementation of Management Science, In the Implementation of Management Science, ed. R. Doktor, R. L. Schultz and D. P. Slevin, N.Y.: North-Holland, 1979.
11. Bedell, R. J. “Terminating R&D Project Prematurely.” Research Management 26, (1983): 32-35.
12. Bubshait, A. Khaled, and J. Willem. “Project Characteristics that Influence the Implementation of Project Management Techniques: A Survey.” Project Management Journal 23, (1992): 43-47.
13. Chen, Y. H. “On Determinants of Project Success: The Case of Taiwan.” Unpublished MBA Thesis, Aletheia University, 2004.
14. Chen, Y. S. “Appling Structural Equation Modeling to Study the Relationship among Leadership, Critical Success Factors and Project Success: An Empirical Study of Engineering Project.” Unpublished MBA Thesis, Dong Hwa University, 2007.
15. Cleland, D. I. and L. R. Ireland. Project Manager’s Portable Handbook, New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.
16. Cleland, D. I. and W. R. King. System Analysis and Project Management, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1983.
17. Cooper, R. G. and E. J. Kleinschmidt. “New Projects: What Separates Winners and Losers.” Journal of Product Innovation Management 4, (1987): 169-184.
18. Cori, K. A. “Fundamentals of Master Schdeuling for the Project Manager.” Project Management Journal 16, no.2 (1985): 78-89.
19. Geoghegan, L. and V. Dulewicz. “Do Project Manager’s Leadership Competencies Contribute to Project Success?” Project Management Journal 39, no.4 (2008): 58-67.
20. Gray, C., S. Dworatschek, and D. Gobeli, H. Knoepfel, and E. Larson “International Comparison of Project Organization Structures: Use and Effectiveness.” Project Management Journal 8, no.1 (1990): 26-32.
21. Hammond, J.S. A Practitioner-Oriented Framework for Implementation, In the Implementation of Management Science, ed. R. Doktor, R. L. Schultz and D. P. Slevin, N.Y.: North-Holland, 1979.
22. House, R. J., P. J. Hanges, S. A. Ruiz-Quintanilla, P.W. Dorfman, M. Javidan, and M. Dickson. “Cultural Influences on Leadership and Organization.” Advances in Global Leadership (1999): 171-233, Stamford, CT: JAI Press.
23. Jiang, J. J., G. Klein, and J. Balloun. “Ranking of System Implementation Success Factors.” Project Management Journal 12, no.3 (1996): 49-52.
24. Joyce, F. and W. Diana. “Framing of Project Critical Success Factors by a Systems Model.” International Journal of Project Management 24, no.1 (2006): 53-65.
25. Kenny, J. “Management Innovation in Educational Institutions.” Australian Journal of Educational Technology 18, no.3 (2002): 359-376.
(Website: //www. aicilite. org. au/ ajet /ajet18/Kenny.html)
26. Kerzner, H. Project Management, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995.
27. Kerzner, H. Project Management: A System Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and Controlling, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., (8th ed.) Hoboken, New Jersey, 2004.
28. Larson, E. W. and D. H. Gobeli. “Significance of Project Management Structure on Development Success.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 36, no.2 (1989): 119-125.
29. Lavagnon, A. I. “Project Success as a Topic in Project Management Journals.” Project Management Journal 40, no.4 (2009): 6-19.
30. Lester, D. H. “Critical Success Factors for New Product Development.” Research Technology Management 41, no.1 (1998): 36-43.
31. Liu, J. J. “A Study for Influence Factors of Project Performance.” Unpublished MBA Thesis, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 2007.
32. Locke, D. Project Management, New York: St. Martins, 1984.
33. Locke, D. Project Management, Gower, 4th ed. 1988.
34. Manley, J. H. Implementation Attitudes: A Model and a Measurement Methodology, In Implementing Operations Research and Management Science, ed. R. L. Schultz and D. P. Slevin, N.Y.: Elsevier, 1975.
35. Martin, C. C. Project Management, New York: AMACOM,1976.
36. Meredith, J. R. and S. I. Mantel. Project Management, New York: John Wiley& Sons,1989.
37. Morris, P. W. G. and G. H. Hough. “Preconditions of Success and Failure in Major Projects.” Unpublished Working Paper, Oxford University, Oxford, 1986.
38. Pinto, J. K. “Project Implementation: A Determination of its Critical Success Factors, Moderators, and their Relative Importance Across the Project Lift Cycle.” Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pittsbrugh, 1986.
39. Pinto, J. K. and D. P. Slevin “The Project Implementation Profile: New Tool For Project Managers.” Project Management Journal 17, no.4 (1986): 57-70.
40. Pinto, J. K. and D. P. Slevin. “Critical Factors in Successful Project Implementation.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 34, no.1 (1987): 22-28.
41. Pinto, J. K. and D. P. Slevin. “Critical Success Factors across the Project Life Cycle.” Project Management Journal 19, no.3 (1988): 67-75.
42. Pinto, J. K. and J. E. Prescott. “Planning and Tactical Factors in The Project Implementation Process.” Journal of Management Studies 27, no.3 (1990): 305-327.
43. Pinto, J. K. and O. P. Kharbanda. “How to Fail in Project Management Without Really Trying.” Business Horizons 39, no.4 (1996): 45-53.
44. Posner, B. Z. “What’s the Fighting About? Conflicts in Project Management.” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 33, no.4 (1987): 51-54.
45. Project Management Institute, A Guide to Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK Guide, 4th ed., USA: PMI Inc., 2008.
46. Reeser, C. Management: Function and Modern Concepts, Foresman and Scott, 1973.
47. Sanchez, A. M. and M. P. Perez. “Early Warning Signals for R&D Projects: An Empirical Study.” Project Management Journal 35, no.1 (2004): 11-23.
48. Sayles, L. R. and M. K. Chandler. Managing Large Systems, New York: Harper & Row,1971.
49. Schultz, R. L. and D. P. Slevin. Implementation and Organizational Validity: An Empirical Investigation, In Implementing Operations Research and Management Science, ed. R. L. Schultz and D. P. Slevin, N.Y.: Elsevier, 1975.
50. Shenhar, A. J. and D. Dvir. “Toward a Typological Theory of Project Management.” Research Policy 25, no.4 (1996): 607-632.
51. Shenhar, A. J., O. Levy, and D. Dvir. “Mapping the Dimensions of Project Success.” Project Management Journal 28, no.2 (1997): 5-13.
52. Shenhar, A. J., D. Dvir, O. Levy, and A. C. Maltz. “Project Success: A Multidimensional Strategic Concept.” Long Range Planning 34 (2001): 699-725.
53. Terry, C. D. “The Real Success Factors on Projects.” International Journal of Project Management 20, (2002): 185-190.
54. Thamhain, H. J. and D. L. Wilemon. “Conflict Management in Project-oriented Work Enviornment.” Proceeding of the Sixth International Meeting of Project Management Institute, Washinton D.C., September (1979).
55. Thompson, A. A. and A. J. Strickland. Strategy and Policy: Concepts and Cases, Taxes: Business Publications, Inc., 1981.
56. Turner, J. R. The Handbook of Project-Based Management, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.
57. Turner, J. R. The Handbook of Project-Based Management: Improving the Processes for Achieving Strategic Objectives, LONDON: McGraw-Hill, 1999.