臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

無線射頻識別 (Radio Frequency Identification)，一個存在將近已50年的技術，在近幾年被大家熱烈的討論。在幾乎所有的文獻當中，對於標籤的隱私以及安全性的問題，通常針對於探討資料庫與標籤之間的認證。而隨著標籤的發展，亦使其越來越方便得以寫入訊息。但直至目前為止，在重複寫入標籤的方面似乎還有許多新的想法。在此我們提出了對於讀取裝置的認證並考慮到標籤的資源限制來提出適用於無線射頻識別系統中的認證方式。另外，在目前無線射頻識別系統運作的無線環境中，尚有標籤回應時發生碰撞以致於讀取裝置無法正確無誤確認標籤身分的問題。目前許多的解決方式似乎都還有許多改進的空間。我們在此篇論文中不延續改進先前的解決方式，而是提出了另一種方法來解決此類的問題。我們利用亂數均勻分布且無法預測的性質去達到對讀取裝置的認證以及防止標籤在回應時發生碰撞的目的，並且碰撞機率來分析我們提出的方法。

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technique, which has been existed over 50 years, is discussed extensively at present. Regarding to the privacy and security problem of tags, most schemes discuss the authentication issue between the backend system and tags. In addition, collisions may happen when tags respond to the reader simultaneously so that the reader can not identify tags correctly. There seems to be a lot of places can be improved in the present solutions. In this thesis we take into account the resource constrained of tags and propose a new way to resolve these issues. We achieve the goal of authenticating the reader and preventing the tags collisions by using the uniformed distributed and unpredictable properties of random numbers, and then we analyze our scheme by calculating the probability of the collisions.

1Introduction……………………………………………………1
1.1Background andMotivation………………………………1
1.2Contributions……………………………………………3
1.3Thesis Organization……………………………………4
2Preliminary……………………………………………………5
2.1Evolution…………………………………………………5
2.1.1Product-identification…………………………5
2.1.2Specification of RFIDs…………………………6
2.1.3Secrecy in RFID systems………………………8
2.1.4Applications of RFID systems…………………9
2.2Collisions………………………………………………10
2.2.1Collisions in RFID systems……………………10
2.2.2Solutions to the collision problem in RFID systems…10
2.3Authentication……………………………………………12
2.4Hash chain techniques……………………………………14
2.4.1Description…………………………………………14
2.4.2Secrecy………………………………………………15
2.4.3Benefits……………………………………………15
3Related Work……………………………………………………16
3.1Cryptographic Approach to “Privacy-Friendly” Tags...17
3.2Lightweight Authentication protocols for Low-cost RFID tags …21
3.3Efficient Memory less protocol for tag identification………25
3.4An Adaptive Memory less tag Anti-Collision Protocol for RFID Networks .28
4The proposed scheme…………………………………………31
4.1System model and assumptions………………………31
4.2Protocol description…………………………………33
4.3Collision Analysis……………………………………39
4.4Security analysis……………………………………41
5Conclusion……………………………………………………42
Bibliography…………………………………………………43

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